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Difficulty: MediumCausal Detail Extraction

Read the passage below:

In marine vessel maintenance, galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals make electrical contact while submerged in an electrolyte such as seawater. Because the more chemically active metal serves as the anode, it releases electrons and corrodes at an accelerated rate. Conversely, the less active cathode receives electrical protection and remains intact. When maintenance crews install sacrificial zinc anodes on steel rudders, the zinc intentionally degrades to safeguard the underlying hull structure. However, if protective paint coatings on the cathode fail, the surface area ratio shifts, causing the anode to deplete much faster than anticipated.

Based on the passage, match each stated cause on the left with its direct consequence on the right.

  • Submerging electrically connected dissimilar metals in seawaterInitiates the process of galvanic corrosion
  • A metal acting as the chemically active anodeAccelerates electron release and rapid material degradation
  • Installing sacrificial zinc anodes on steel ruddersIntentionally degrades to safeguard the underlying hull structure
  • Failure of protective paint coatings on the cathodeCauses the anode to deplete much faster than anticipated

Answer

Match 'Submerging electrically connected dissimilar metals in seawater' with 'Initiates the process of galvanic corrosion'; 'A metal acting as the chemically active anode' with 'Accelerates electron release and rapid material degradation'; 'Installing sacrificial zinc anodes on steel rudders' with 'Intentionally degrades to safeguard the underlying hull structure'; and 'Failure of protective paint coatings on the cathode' with 'Causes the anode to deplete much faster than anticipated'.
Each left-hand cause matches the outcome explicitly tied to it by causal connectors in the passage: dissimilar metals in an electrolyte cause galvanic corrosion; serving as the anode causes electron release and corrosion; zinc anode installation causes intentional degradation to protect the hull; and cathode coating breakdown causes faster anode depletion.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Scan the passage for explicit causal transition terms such as 'occurs when', 'because', and 'causing'.
Identified the four explicit cause-and-effect relationships presented in the text.
Direct causal extraction requires aligning stated events with their explicit textual causes.
2
Pair each condition on the left with its directly stated outcome on the right.
Mapped each trigger event to its specific consequence as detailed in the passage.
Ensures no causal inversion or cross-pairing between distinct mechanical mechanisms occurs.

Key Concept

Direct extraction of explicit cause-and-effect relationships from technical prose.
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Topics

Causal Detail Extraction

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