Read the following passage from a historical maritime navigation manual:
"During long ocean voyages, navigators relied on specialized procedures to maintain an accurate course. Navigators consulted detailed *ephemerides*—such as astronomical tables tracking the daily coordinates of the sun and stars—to establish precise celestial fixes. In heavy fog when sightings were impossible, crews relied on *dead reckoning*, estimating their location entirely from previously logged coordinates, elapsed time, and compass heading. To prevent navigational errors caused by iron fittings on the ship, helmsmen recorded *binnacle bearings*, directional measurements taken directly from the compass mounted inside its protective, non-magnetic wooden stand. Finally, when navigating shallow coastal waters, crewmen conducted *lead line soundings*, dropping weighted, calibrated cords into the water to measure depth and prevent grounding."
Based on the examples and explanatory clauses in the passage, match each navigational term to its correct contextual meaning.
- ephemeridesTabulated schedules of predicted celestial coordinates used to establish astronomical fixes
- dead reckoningPositional estimates calculated strictly from prior known coordinates, elapsed time, and course heading
- binnacle bearingsDirectional readings obtained from a compass housed in a non-magnetic stand to prevent hull interference
- lead line soundingsWater depth measurements taken with weighted, marked lines to avoid running aground