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Difficulty: HardFluid Dynamics and Bernoulli's Principle

When a steady flow of fluid passes through a horizontal pipe that suddenly narrows in diameter, the fluid's velocity increases in the constricted section, resulting in a higher static pressure against the pipe walls.

Answer: Answer

Answer

False
The statement is false because Bernoulli's principle dictates that as a fluid's velocity increases in a constricted horizontal pipe, its static pressure decreases, creating a low-pressure zone rather than a high-pressure one.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the change in fluid velocity through the constriction.
Based on the continuity equation (A1V1=A2V2A_1V_1 = A_2V_2), the fluid's velocity increases as it enters the narrower section of the pipe.
The same volume of fluid must pass through a smaller area in the same amount of time, requiring it to speed up.
2
Determine the effect of increased velocity on static pressure.
Static pressure decreases.
Bernoulli's principle states that for a horizontal flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure.
3
Evaluate the statement's claim against the established physical principles.
The statement claims static pressure increases, which contradicts the actual outcome (a decrease in static pressure).
The inverse relationship between fluid velocity and static pressure confirms the statement is false.

Key Concept

Bernoulli's principle and the continuity equation for incompressible fluids.
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Fluid Dynamics and Bernoulli's Principle

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