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Difficulty: MediumCausal Detail Extraction

Read the following technical summary regarding battery maintenance:

When a lead-acid battery remains in a discharged state for an extended period, an abnormal chemical process called sulfation occurs. Under persistent low charge, soft lead sulfate on the plates recrystallizes into large, hardened structures. These dense crystals coat the plates, which sharply increases the battery's internal electrical resistance. Consequently, the battery cannot efficiently accept incoming recharging current. Because this energy cannot be converted into chemical storage, the resisted electrical current produces excessive internal heat, ultimately causing the casing to warp and fail.

Based on the passage, arrange the causal events leading to battery casing failure in the order they occur, from first to last.

  1. 1Soft lead sulfate recrystallizes into dense, hardened structures on the plates.
  2. 2The battery's internal electrical resistance increases sharply.
  3. 3The battery loses its ability to efficiently absorb recharging current.
  4. 4Unabsorbed electrical current generates excessive internal heat.

Answer

The correct sequence begins with the recrystallization of lead sulfate into hard structures, followed by an increase in internal electrical resistance, which prevents efficient absorption of recharge current, and finally results in excessive heat generation that damages the casing.
The passage establishes a direct four-step causal progression: hard crystal growth coats the plates, which elevates internal resistance, which subsequently blocks efficient current absorption, thereby converting resisted energy into destructive internal heat.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary initiating cause described in the text.
Extended low charge leads directly to the recrystallization of soft lead sulfate into hard crystal structures.
The passage establishes this crystal formation as the immediate result of sulfation.
2
Trace the direct effect of the crystal coating on electrical properties.
The dense crystalline coating directly causes internal electrical resistance to rise.
The text explicitly links the crystal layer to increased resistance using 'which sharply increases'.
3
Determine the functional consequence of increased resistance.
The battery fails to accept incoming recharge current effectively.
The transitional word 'Consequently' signals that resistance prevents proper charging.
4
Connect the charging failure to the ultimate physical damage.
Resisted current creates high internal heat, causing casing warpage.
The causal phrase 'Because this energy cannot be converted' links unabsorbed current directly to heat and final casing failure.

Key Concept

Causal Detail Extraction in Technical Sequences
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Causal Detail Extraction

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