Question

Difficulty: MediumDistinguishing Supported and Unsupported Inferences

Read the following passage:

Hydraulic pumps in heavy engineering machinery require a steady flow of fluid from the reservoir to maintain operational pressure. When intake lines become partially obstructed by debris or when fluid viscosity is excessively high during cold-weather startups, the intake pressure can drop below the vapor pressure of the hydraulic oil. This pressure drop causes localized vapor bubbles to form within the fluid stream. As these bubbles travel into the higher-pressure discharge zones of the pump, they rapidly collapse. The resulting micro-jets of fluid strike internal metal surfaces with high force, causing metal pitting and accelerated mechanical wear.

Statement: Based on the passage, mechanical wear from vapor bubble collapse can develop in a hydraulic pump even if the intake lines are entirely free of physical debris.

Answer: Answer

Answer

True
The conclusion is fully supported by the passage because the text explicitly presents high fluid viscosity during cold-weather startups as an independent trigger ('or when fluid viscosity is excessively high') that lowers intake pressure and produces damaging vapor bubbles regardless of whether debris is present.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the conditions stated in the text that lead to vapor bubble formation.
Identified two distinct pathways connected by the disjunction 'or': intake line debris obstruction OR high fluid viscosity during cold-weather startups.
Determining whether conditions are independent or mutually dependent is essential for validating logical inferences.
2
Evaluate whether the absence of one condition (debris) precludes the outcome (bubble formation and mechanical wear).
Since cold-weather viscosity operates independently, the pressure drop and subsequent mechanical wear can occur solely due to temperature-related viscosity effects.
A supported inference must follow strictly from the logical structure of the passage without unwarranted assumptions.
3
Determine the truth value of the target statement.
The statement is logically supported by the passage evidence, making it True.
Direct deduction from the textual evidence confirms that debris is not strictly required for cavitation wear.

Key Concept

Distinguishing Supported and Unsupported Inferences
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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