Question

Difficulty: MediumBolts, Nuts, and Washers

A mechanic is securing two steel plates together using a through-bolt, two flat washers, a split-ring lock washer, and a standard hex nut. In what sequential order should these hardware components and materials be assembled from the bolt head side to the nut side?

  1. 1Place the first flat washer onto the bolt shank flush against the bolt head
  2. 2Pass the bolt shank through the aligned clearance holes of the two steel plates
  3. 3Slide the second flat washer over the protruding bolt threads against the outer plate
  4. 4Install the split-ring lock washer over the threads against the second flat washer
  5. 5Thread and torque the hex nut onto the bolt against the lock washer

Answer

First flat washer under bolt head, passed through the joined plates, followed by the second flat washer, the split-ring lock washer, and finally the hex nut.
In standard mechanical assembly, a through-bolted joint follows a specific hardware order: the bolt head holds a flat washer to distribute pressure; the bolt passes through the workpiece; the opposite side receives a second flat washer for load distribution, followed by the split-ring lock washer to maintain tension, and finishes with the hex nut.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Place the initial flat washer onto the bolt shank up to the bolt head.
Protects the front workpiece surface and distributes clamping force under the head.
Prevents head embedment into the material during tightening.
2
Insert the bolt assembly through the workpiece clearance holes.
Hardware spans the joint plates.
Aligns and joins the two structural components.
3
Slide the second flat washer over the threaded end against the workpiece.
Provides a smooth, wide bearing surface on the nut side.
Prevents the lock washer from digging into the softer workpiece material.
4
Slide the split-ring lock washer over the threads against the flat washer.
Prepares spring-tension retention.
Maintains constant tension against the nut to resist vibrational loosening.
5
Thread and torque the hex nut onto the bolt shank.
Compresses the lock washer and clamps the joint.
Develops the required clamping force across the entire fastener stack.

Key Concept

Through-bolt fastener assembly stack-up sequence and washer placement rules
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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