Question

Difficulty: HardHead of State and the Governor-General

Australia is a constitutional monarchy where the Governor-General represents the King. Although the Australian Constitution grants the Governor-General various executive powers, such as the authority to appoint ministers and judges, these powers are governed by constitutional conventions. In practice, how are these powers exercised in the day-to-day governing of Australia?

  1. The Governor-General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and senior ministers who are responsible to the Parliament.Answer
  2. B
    The Governor-General makes independent decisions to serve as a non-political check on the power of the Prime Minister.
  3. C
    The Governor-General follows direct instructions sent by the King from the United Kingdom to ensure consistency across the Commonwealth.

Answer

The Governor-General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and senior ministers who are responsible to the Parliament.
In the Australian system of government, the Governor-General acts as the King's representative and, by constitutional convention, exercises executive power only on the advice of the Prime Minister and senior ministers. This ensures that executive actions are performed by an unelected representative but are directed by the elected representatives who are responsible to the Parliament and the Australian people.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the relationship between the Head of State and the Head of Government in Australia.
The King is the Head of State, represented by the Governor-General, while the Prime Minister is the Head of Government.
This distinction is fundamental to understanding who holds executive power and how it is delegated.
2
Analyze the role of constitutional conventions in the exercise of executive power.
While the Constitution provides formal powers to the Governor-General, conventions require these powers to be used based on the advice of elected officials.
Conventions ensure that the Governor-General's role remains non-political and that the government remains accountable to the people.
3
Determine the source of the advice that the Governor-General must follow.
The advice comes from the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (senior ministers).
Under the principle of responsible government, the ministers who advise the Governor-General must be members of Parliament and answerable to it.

Key Concept

Constitutional Convention and the Exercise of Executive Power

Hints

1
Consider who is actually elected by the people to run the country and how that person interacts with the Governor-General.
2
Think about the concept of 'Responsible Government'—to whom must the people making the actual decisions be accountable?
3
While the Constitution says the Governor-General 'may' do certain things, they almost never do them without the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Practice More

Research the 'Federal Executive Council' to see the formal setting where this advice is officially given to the Governor-General.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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