Question

Difficulty: HardArrival of the First Fleet

While the First Fleet is known for its 1788 arrival, the formal establishment of the colony involved a critical relocation within the month of January. Which of the following best describes the event that took place at Sydney Cove on January 26, marking the official start of the first European settlement?

  1. Captain Arthur Phillip raised the British flag to formally declare the beginning of the colony.Answer
  2. B
    The first large group of voluntary free settlers arrived from Great Britain to begin the construction of modern Sydney.
  3. C
    The fleet's commander signed a formal treaty with neighboring colonies to unite the continent under a single government.

Answer

The correct answer is that Captain Arthur Phillip raised the British flag at Sydney Cove to formally declare the beginning of the colony.
The correct answer is correct because January 26, 1788, represents the day Captain Arthur Phillip officially established the colony of New South Wales by raising the British flag at Sydney Cove. This followed his decision to relocate the First Fleet from the initial anchorage at Botany Bay, which was found to be unsuitable due to poor soil and a lack of fresh water.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the timeline of the First Fleet's arrival in January 1788.
The fleet initially anchored at Botany Bay between January 18 and 20, 1788.
To distinguish between the initial contact with the continent and the official establishment of the settlement.
2
Analyze why the site was changed from Botany Bay to Sydney Cove.
Botany Bay lacked fresh water and a protected harbor, leading Captain Phillip to sail north to Sydney Cove.
The selection of a sustainable site was critical for the survival of the new penal colony.
3
Determine the specific action taken on January 26, 1788.
Captain Arthur Phillip raised the British flag at Sydney Cove.
This act formally initiated British governance and is the reason the date is commemorated today.

Key Concept

The transition from the arrival of the First Fleet to the formal establishment of the first European settlement on January 26, 1788.

Hints

1
Consider that the First Fleet didn't find its permanent home at its very first landing spot.
2
Think about what a commander would do to officially claim land for a kingdom in the 18th century.
3
January 26 is the date the fleet moved from Botany Bay to a better site where a flag was raised.

Practice More

Review the specific reasons why Captain Arthur Phillip chose Sydney Cove over Botany Bay to better understand the early logistical challenges of the colony.
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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