Question

Difficulty: HardForming the Australian Government

After a federal election, a coalition of political parties secures 77 seats in the 151-seat House of Representatives, but only 32 seats in the 76-seat Senate. According to Australian parliamentary practice, how does this outcome affect the formation of the government?

  1. The coalition is invited by the Governor-General to form the government because it holds more than half the seats in the House of Representatives.Answer
  2. B
    The coalition cannot form a government until it reaches a formal power-sharing agreement with the parties that hold the majority of seats in the Senate.
  3. C
    The Governor-General must call for a new election because the separation of powers requires the governing party to hold a majority in both houses of Parliament.

Answer

The coalition is invited to form the government because it holds a majority in the House of Representatives, regardless of its position in the Senate.
The correct answer is that the coalition forms the government because it has secured more than half the seats (77 out of 151) in the House of Representatives. This is the fundamental requirement for forming the Executive branch in the Australian parliamentary system.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the majority threshold for the House of Representatives.
A majority requires more than half of the 151 seats (151÷2=75.5151 \div 2 = 75.5), which is 76 seats.
To form government, a party or coalition must command the majority of the lower house.
2
Evaluate the coalition's seat count against the threshold.
The coalition has 77 seats, which is greater than the 76 seats required for a majority.
Holding 77 seats confirms they have the support of the majority of the House of Representatives.
3
Determine if the Senate seat count (32 out of 76) prevents government formation.
The Senate count is irrelevant to the initial formation of the government.
By constitutional convention, the Governor-General invites the leader of the party or coalition with the majority in the House of Representatives to become Prime Minister.

Key Concept

The Australian Government is formed in the House of Representatives by the party or coalition of parties that has the support of the majority of members in that house.

Hints

1
Think about which of the two houses of Parliament is known as the 'house where government is formed'.
2
A majority is defined as having more than half of the total seats. Check if 77 out of 151 meets this criteria.

Practice More

Research the term 'Hung Parliament' to see what happens when no single party or coalition achieves a majority in the House of Representatives.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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