Question

Difficulty: Very hardThe Double Majority Requirement

A referendum is held to change the Australian Constitution. The final results are recorded as follows:

Voting CategoryResult
Total National 'Yes' Vote52%52\%
States with a 'Yes' MajorityNew South Wales, Victoria, Queensland
States with a 'No' MajoritySouth Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania
Territories with a 'Yes' MajorityAustralian Capital Territory, Northern Territory

Based on these results, why is the proposed change to the Constitution rejected?

  1. The 'double majority' requires a majority of voters in at least four out of the six states; territory results contribute to the national total but do not count toward the state-based majority.Answer
  2. B
    The referendum failed because a successful change to the Constitution requires a 'Yes' vote from a majority of voters in all six states and both territories to ensure total national consensus.
  3. C
    The proposal was rejected because the national 'Yes' vote must reach a 'super-majority' threshold of 60%60\% when the state-based majority is split evenly at three states each.

Answer

The referendum failed because the 'double majority' requires a majority of voters in at least four states, and the majorities achieved in the territories do not count toward this state-based requirement.
The 'double majority' rule requires two separate majorities to be successful: a majority of all voters nationwide and a majority of voters in at least four of the six states. In this scenario, the national majority was achieved with 52%52\%, but only three states (NSW, VIC, QLD) recorded a 'Yes' majority. Although the ACT and NT also voted 'Yes', territories do not count as states for the second part of the 'double majority' requirement, meaning the threshold of four states was not reached.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the first requirement of the 'double majority' rule: the national majority.
Passed (52%52\% is greater than 50%50\%).
A majority of all voters across Australia (including those in the territories) must vote 'Yes'.
2
Evaluate the second requirement: the majority of states.
Failed (Only 3 out of 6 states voted 'Yes').
A majority of voters in a majority of states (at least 4 out of the 6 states) must vote 'Yes'.
3
Determine the role of the territories (ACT and NT) in the state-based count.
Excluded from the state count.
Under Section 128 of the Constitution, territory votes count toward the national total but do not contribute to the 'majority of states' requirement.
4
Synthesize the final outcome based on both requirements.
The referendum is rejected.
Since only one of the two necessary majorities was achieved, the constitutional change cannot proceed.

Key Concept

The Double Majority Requirement
Estimated Time:3m 0s
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