All practice questions

1473 questions

Question 1241Question

A financial institution is deploying a proprietary risk analysis application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application requires a dedicated storage volume to serve as its operating system boot drive and to store active database log files that need low-latency, block-level performance. The storage must persist independently of the EC2 instance's lifecycle so that the data is not lost if the instance is stopped or terminated. Which AWS storage service should the institution select to meet these requirements?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)

Answer

Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) is the correct storage service because it provides persistent, block-level storage volumes optimized for low-latency workloads and operating system boot drives attached to a single EC2 instance.
Amazon Elastic Block Store provides persistent, low-latency block-level storage volumes designed for use with Amazon EC2. It satisfies all scenario requirements by serving as a boot drive, delivering block-level performance for active database logs, and retaining data independently of the instance's operational state.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the requirements of the application scenario.
The volume must: 1. Serve as a boot drive. 2. Provide low-latency, block-level performance for database logs. 3. Persist independently of the EC2 instance lifecycle (non-ephemeral). 4. Attach to a single EC2 instance.
Identifying these key parameters helps rule out non-block, non-persistent, or shared file systems.
2
Evaluate the storage services based on performance type and persistence.
Object storage (Amazon S3) and shared file storage (Amazon EFS) are ruled out because they are not block storage suitable for boot volumes. Instance Store is block storage but fails the persistence requirement because its data is lost when the instance is stopped.
This leaves Amazon EBS as the only service that satisfies all the criteria.

Key Concept

AWS Storage Types: Object vs. Block vs. File Storage, and Ephemeral vs. Persistent Block Storage
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1242Question

A cloud architect is configuring a new Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to host a public website. The architect has created a subnet and launched an EC2 instance within it, but the instance cannot send or receive traffic from the public internet. Which component must the architect attach to the VPC and reference in the route table to enable this public internet connectivity?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Internet Gateway

Answer

Internet Gateway
An Internet Gateway is the specific component that allows communication between instances in an Amazon VPC and the public internet. The subnet's route table must have a route pointing to the Internet Gateway to make the subnet public.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the requirement for public internet connectivity within the virtual private cloud.
The resource needs to send and receive traffic from the public internet.
This establishes the objective of the configuration change.
2
Evaluate the function of different virtual private cloud networking components.
An Internet Gateway is the target component, while security groups and network access control lists are firewalls, and virtual private gateways are for VPN or Direct Connect connections.
This identifies the correct component that matches the routing requirement.

Key Concept

VPC Internet Gateways
Question 1243Question

A company is designing a new e-commerce application and must choose the correct database services for two distinct workloads. The first workload requires storing product catalog metadata with highly dynamic attributes, needing sub-millisecond response times for lookups. The second workload requires storing customer orders with transactional consistency (ACID compliance) and relational database schemas to support complex table joins.

Which of the following database services should the cloud practitioner recommend to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Amazon DynamoDB to store the dynamic product catalog metadata; Amazon RDS to manage customer order transactions with relational consistency

Answer

The correct answers are the option proposing Amazon DynamoDB for storing dynamic product catalog metadata and the option proposing Amazon RDS for managing customer order transactions.
Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL key-value and document database that provides single-digit millisecond performance at any scale, making it a perfect fit for a dynamic product catalog. Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service that provides transactional consistency (ACID compliance) and supports complex table joins, making it ideal for order transaction workloads.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the database requirements for the first workload.
The product catalog needs highly dynamic attributes and sub-millisecond response times.
This points to a NoSQL database with flexible schema and extremely low latency, such as Amazon DynamoDB.
2
Identify the database requirements for the second workload.
Customer order transactions need transactional consistency (ACID compliance) and relational schemas to support complex table joins.
This points to a relational database service (OLTP), such as Amazon RDS or Amazon Aurora.
3
Evaluate the options to select the correct services and eliminate incorrect configurations.
Select the DynamoDB option for the catalog and the RDS option for the transactional orders, while rejecting options that misapply NoSQL/OLAP databases or mischaracterize the Shared Responsibility Model for managed databases.
To choose the two correct service configurations that match the requirements.

Key Concept

Selecting appropriate AWS database services based on relational (RDS/Aurora) vs. non-relational (DynamoDB) characteristics, analytical vs. transactional needs (Redshift vs. RDS), and managed service responsibilities.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1244Question

An enterprise is migrating its operations to AWS and plans to deploy separate Amazon VPCs for fifty different business units. The network team wants to establish a hub-and-spoke topology to easily manage routing between these VPCs without creating a complex point-to-point mesh. Additionally, they must apply stateless traffic filtering at the boundary of each subnet. Which combination of AWS networking components should the team use to meet these requirements?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: AWS Transit Gateway and Network Access Control Lists

Answer

AWS Transit Gateway and Network Access Control Lists
The correct answer combines AWS Transit Gateway and Network Access Control Lists. AWS Transit Gateway functions as a centralized router that easily connects multiple VPCs in a hub-and-spoke topology, avoiding the management overhead of point-to-point peering. Network Access Control Lists operate at the subnet boundary to inspect and filter inbound and outbound traffic statelessly.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the VPC interconnection requirement.
Since there are fifty VPCs and the organization wants a hub-and-spoke topology rather than a complex mesh of point-to-point connections, AWS Transit Gateway is the correct service because it acts as a central regional transit hub.
VPC Peering does not support transitive routing and requires N(N1)/2N(N-1)/2 connections, which would mean 1,2251,225 peering connections for fifty VPCs.
2
Analyze the subnet-level traffic filtering requirement.
Since the security team requires stateless traffic filtering at the boundary of each subnet, Network Access Control Lists (NACLs) are the correct choice.
NACLs operate at the subnet boundary and are stateless, whereas Security Groups operate at the instance/ENI level and are stateful.

Key Concept

AWS Transit Gateway provides centralized routing for multi-VPC architectures, while Network Access Control Lists offer stateless security filtering at the subnet boundary.
Question 1245Question

A startup with multiple AWS accounts wants to simplify its accounting process by paying a single bill for all accounts. Additionally, the startup wants to qualify for volume discounts on Amazon S3 storage by combining the data usage of all accounts. Which AWS feature should the startup implement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Consolidated billing within AWS Organizations

Answer

Consolidated billing within AWS Organizations
Consolidated billing within AWS Organizations enables a single payment method for all linked accounts, simplifies tracking, and aggregates usage (such as Amazon S3 storage) across accounts to qualify for volume-pricing discounts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the requirement to combine bills for multiple AWS accounts into a single payment method.
Recognize that consolidated billing is the standard AWS feature for this requirement.
Consolidated billing simplifies the accounting process by issuing a single invoice for all linked accounts.
2
Identify the requirement to qualify for volume discounts by combining storage usage across accounts.
Understand that consolidated billing aggregates usage across all linked accounts for pricing tiers.
AWS treats all accounts in the organization as a single account for calculating volume discounts (such as S3 storage tiers).

Key Concept

Consolidated billing in AWS Organizations allows organizations to aggregate billing across multiple accounts, enabling a single payment method and combined usage calculations to qualify for volume discounts.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 1246Question

A business is expanding its AWS footprint and has decided to set up consolidated billing through AWS Organizations. Which two benefits does this feature provide to the organization? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A single payment method is used to pay for all AWS accounts in the organization.; Combined usage across all accounts can qualify the organization for volume pricing discounts.

Answer

Consolidated billing provides a single payment method for all AWS accounts in the organization and allows combined usage across all accounts to qualify for volume pricing discounts.
The correct benefits of consolidated billing are having a single payment method for all AWS accounts in the organization and combining usage across all accounts to qualify for volume pricing discounts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary features of AWS Organizations and consolidated billing.
Consolidated billing combines the billing and payment processes of multiple AWS accounts under a single management account.
This establishes the basic function of consolidated billing.
2
Determine the financial benefits associated with billing consolidation.
The organization receives a single monthly bill and can benefit from volume pricing discounts by aggregating usage across all member accounts.
This identifies the two correct benefits from the options provided.

Key Concept

Consolidated billing allows organizations to aggregate billing across multiple AWS accounts and receive volume discounts by combining usage.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 1247Question

HydroStream Utilities, a regional water utility provider, currently processes telemetry data from smart meters in large batches twice a month. During these processing runs, CPU utilization on their on-premises servers spikes to 95% for approximately 12 hours. For the remainder of the month, the servers run idle at less than 5% capacity. The company plans to migrate this workload to AWS.

Which TWO of the following represent the primary cloud economics benefits that HydroStream Utilities will realize after this migration? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A shift from upfront capital expenses (CapEx) to variable operating expenses (OpEx), reducing the need to invest in physical infrastructure.; Cost optimization through elasticity, allowing the company to pay only for the compute resources consumed during telemetry spikes rather than maintaining idle capacity.

Answer

The correct benefits are the shift from capital expenses (CapEx) to variable operating expenses (OpEx) and cost optimization through elasticity.
The correct answers identify the shift from capital expenses (CapEx) to variable operating expenses (OpEx) and the cost benefits of elasticity. Moving to AWS eliminates the upfront costs of buying physical servers (CapEx) and replaces them with pay-as-you-go operational pricing (OpEx). Additionally, using AWS allows the system to scale down resources during the 95% of the month when servers are idle, matching supply with demand and reducing overall costs.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the workload pattern described in the scenario, noting that demand is highly variable with high peaks for 12 hours twice a month and very low baseline usage the rest of the time.
Identified that the workload is a prime candidate for dynamic resource scaling to avoid paying for idle infrastructure.
Understanding the consumption profile helps determine which pricing and scaling models are most cost-effective.
2
Evaluate the financial impact of migrating from physical hardware to AWS utility pricing.
Determined that upfront hardware costs (CapEx) are eliminated and replaced by pay-as-you-go costs (OpEx).
This matches the core cloud economics concept of trading capital expense for operational expense.
3
Assess how AWS scaling capabilities can match the resource supply to the telemetry workload demand.
Recognized that AWS elasticity allows automatic scaling to handle peaks and scale down during idle times, minimizing cost.
Elasticity is the primary technical mechanism that drives cost savings in variable workloads.

Key Concept

Understanding cloud economics concepts, specifically the transition from capital expenses (CapEx) to operating expenses (OpEx) and leveraging elasticity to optimize resource costs based on variable demand.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1248Question

A company's operations team wants to optimize their cloud environment by identifying unused resources, verifying that security groups have no unrestricted access, and checking if any service limits are close to being exceeded. They need a service that provides automated recommendations and real-time guidance based on AWS best practices across multiple categories, including cost optimization, security, and performance. Which AWS service should the operations team use to obtain these recommendations?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: AWS Trusted Advisor

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor
AWS Trusted Advisor is the correct service because it inspects your AWS environment and makes recommendations in five categories: cost optimization, security, fault tolerance, performance, and service limits. This directly matches the operations team's goals of finding unused resources, ensuring security groups do not have open access, and tracking service limits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the operational requirements.
The operations team needs automated recommendations for resource optimization, security check configurations (like unrestricted security groups), and service limits.
Understanding the need helps narrow down the tool that functions as a best-practice advisor rather than a deployment or monitoring service.
2
Evaluate the capabilities of the proposed AWS services.
AWS CloudFormation provisions resources, Amazon CloudWatch monitors metrics/logs, AWS Organizations governs multi-account structures, and AWS Trusted Advisor provides best-practice recommendations across cost, security, performance, fault tolerance, and service limits.
This allows matching the requested features (checks for unused resources, security group settings, and service limits) to the correct service.
3
Select the service that directly maps to all requested checks.
AWS Trusted Advisor satisfies all criteria.
Trusted Advisor checks cost optimization, security, performance, fault tolerance, and service limits.

Key Concept

AWS Trusted Advisor is a management tool that inspects AWS environments and makes recommendations to help users follow AWS best practices across five key categories.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 1249Question

A ride-sharing platform is planning its Amazon EC2 deployment strategy for three distinct workloads:

1. Core dispatch database servers that must run continuously with a predictable, steady-state workload profile for a multi-year period.
2. A fleet of application servers that scale dynamically to handle highly volatile, unpredictable spikes in passenger demand during rush hours, where active customer connections cannot be abruptly dropped.
3. A background data-cleansing pipeline that processes non-urgent passenger feedback surveys in batches, which is designed to tolerate interruptions and can resume paused tasks.

Which combination of Amazon EC2 pricing models is the most cost-effective and architecturally appropriate for these workloads?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Reserved Instances for the core database servers, On-Demand Instances for the application servers, and Spot Instances for the data-cleansing pipeline

Answer

Reserved Instances for the core database servers, On-Demand Instances for the application servers, and Spot Instances for the data-cleansing pipeline
The combination of Reserved Instances for the core database servers, On-Demand Instances for the application servers, and Spot Instances for the data-cleansing pipeline is correct. The database servers require continuous, predictable coverage over multiple years, which is the exact use case for Reserved Instances to maximize discount. The application servers require uninterrupted runtimes during volatile spikes, making On-Demand Instances the appropriate choice to prevent dropped client connections. The data-cleansing pipeline is fault-tolerant and batch-oriented, allowing it to take advantage of the steep discounts offered by Spot Instances despite potential interruptions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the workload requirements for the database servers.
The core database servers run continuously with a predictable, steady-state profile for a multi-year period. This steady-state profile aligns with Reserved Instances (or Savings Plans), which offer significant discounts in exchange for a 1-year or 3-year commitment.
Matching steady-state, long-term workloads with commitment-based pricing models minimizes the baseline cost.
2
Analyze the workload requirements for the application servers.
The application servers experience highly volatile, unpredictable spikes during rush hours, and active customer connections cannot be dropped. Spot Instances are ruled out due to potential interruptions. Reserved Instances are ruled out because the demand is highly variable and temporary. Therefore, On-Demand Instances are required to ensure continuous availability during spikes.
On-Demand Instances provide reliable, non-interruptible capacity for unpredictable, short-term scaling needs.
3
Analyze the workload requirements for the data-cleansing pipeline.
The data-cleansing pipeline runs background batch jobs that are fault-tolerant and can tolerate interruptions. This makes it an ideal fit for Spot Instances, which offer spare AWS capacity at discounts of up to 90% compared to On-Demand pricing.
Leveraging Spot Instances for interruptible, non-urgent workloads provides the maximum cost savings without risking application stability.

Key Concept

Selecting optimal Amazon EC2 pricing models (On-Demand, Reserved Instances, Spot Instances) based on workload predictability, stability, commitment length, and fault tolerance.
Question 1250Question

A company is developing a microservices-based web application deployed across multiple Amazon EC2 instances in different Availability Zones. The architecture requires a shared, concurrent file system for services to read and write application assets, as well as a durable, highly scalable object storage location to store and archive user-uploaded PDF reports. Which two AWS storage services should the company select to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS); Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

Answer

Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) and Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) is a shared file system that allows concurrent read/write access from multiple EC2 instances across different Availability Zones. Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage service designed for highly durable, scalable, and cost-effective storage of files like PDFs.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the requirement for a shared, concurrent file system across multiple EC2 instances in different Availability Zones.
Identify Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) as the correct choice since it supports concurrent access from multiple instances across different Availability Zones.
EFS is a shared file storage service, unlike block storage options which are generally tied to a single instance or AZ.
2
Analyze the requirement for a durable, highly scalable storage location for user-uploaded PDF reports.
Identify Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) as the correct choice because it is designed for storing flat files (objects) with high durability and scalability.
S3 is the standard AWS service for object storage workloads such as PDFs, images, and backups.

Key Concept

AWS Storage Services classification (File vs. Object vs. Block storage)
Question 1251Question

A custom apparel startup, PrintVibe, experiences highly variable website traffic that spikes unpredictably when social media influencers feature their products. To minimize infrastructure costs, the startup wants to avoid paying for idle server capacity during low-traffic periods while ensuring their application can handle sudden surges. Which of the following cloud concepts directly addresses this economic goal?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Elasticity, which allows the startup to dynamically scale resources to match demand and pay only for what is used

Answer

Elasticity, which allows the startup to dynamically scale resources to match demand and pay only for what is used
The correct answer is the option focusing on elasticity. Elasticity is a core cloud economics driver that allows organizations to match resource supply with real-time demand. By dynamically scaling resources up during traffic surges and down during quiet periods, PrintVibe avoids paying for idle capacity, ensuring high cost efficiency.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the business scenario and requirements
The startup needs to handle highly variable, unpredictable spikes in traffic without paying for idle server capacity during low-traffic periods.
This establishes that the core need is to match resource provisioning directly with actual demand to minimize waste.
2
Evaluate the options against AWS cloud economics principles
Elasticity is the specific cloud concept that enables dynamic scaling to match demand, shifting from a fixed-capacity mindset to a pay-as-you-go model.
Understanding the difference between elasticity (dynamic adjustment) and scalability (handling growth, often statically configured) identifies the correct financial optimizer.

Key Concept

Understand concepts of cloud economics
Question 1252Question

A company needs to connect its on-premises corporate office to its resources running in an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). The connection must be direct and private, or encrypted over the public internet. Which of the following AWS services or features can be used to establish this hybrid network connectivity? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: AWS Site-to-Site VPN; AWS Direct Connect

Answer

AWS Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect are the correct services for establishing hybrid connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS.
AWS Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect are the correct answers because they are the standard AWS services used to link on-premises offices or data centers with AWS VPCs. AWS Site-to-Site VPN creates an encrypted tunnel over the public internet, while AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated, private physical connection.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary requirement in the scenario.
The company needs to establish hybrid network connectivity between an on-premises office and an AWS VPC.
This narrows down the selection to AWS services designed for hybrid cloud connectivity.
2
Evaluate the available options against hybrid connectivity use cases.
AWS Site-to-Site VPN provides secure, encrypted IPsec tunnels over the public internet, and AWS Direct Connect provides a private, physical fiber connection. Other options like VPC Peering, Network ACLs, and Amazon EBS are used for VPC-to-VPC routing, subnet security, and block storage respectively.
Selecting the two services that directly support connecting on-premises infrastructure to AWS VPCs satisfies the requirement.

Key Concept

AWS hybrid network connectivity services
Question 1253Question

An organization is designing a multi-VPC architecture on AWS. They need to establish a hub-and-spoke topology to interconnect multiple Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) and simplify network routing. Additionally, they must implement a network security control that operates as a stateless firewall to filter traffic entering and leaving their subnets.

Which two AWS services or features should the organization use to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: AWS Transit Gateway; Network Access Control Lists (Network ACLs)

Answer

AWS Transit Gateway and Network Access Control Lists (Network ACLs)
AWS Transit Gateway connects multiple VPCs and on-premises networks through a central hub, avoiding the routing complexity of point-to-point VPC Peering. Network Access Control Lists (Network ACLs) act as stateless firewalls that filter traffic at the subnet level.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the interconnectivity requirement for a multi-VPC architecture with a hub-and-spoke topology.
Determine that AWS Transit Gateway is the correct service as it acts as a centralized cloud router.
AWS Transit Gateway simplifies routing across multiple VPCs and avoids the complex mesh configuration of point-to-point connections.
2
Analyze the security requirement for filtering network traffic at the subnet boundary using a stateless mechanism.
Determine that Network Access Control Lists (Network ACLs) are the correct feature.
Network ACLs are stateless firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level.

Key Concept

AWS Network Services
Question 1254Question

A company is conducting a short-term, three-week stress test on a new application. The testing application must run continuously on Amazon EC2 without any interruptions, but the workload will be completely shut down after the three-week period. Which Amazon EC2 pricing model is the most cost-effective and appropriate for this workload?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: On-Demand Instances

Answer

On-Demand Instances
On-Demand Instances allow you to pay for compute capacity by the second or hour with no long-term commitment. This is the most appropriate choice for a short-term (three-week) workload that must run continuously without any interruptions, as it guarantees the instances will not be reclaimed and allows them to be deleted when the test ends.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the workload requirements: duration and interruption tolerance.
The workload is short-term (three weeks) and must run continuously without any interruptions.
Identifying the key constraints helps rule out models requiring long commitments or allowing interruptions.
2
Evaluate Spot Instances against the requirements.
Spot Instances are ruled out because they can be interrupted by AWS when capacity is needed.
The workload requires zero interruptions.
3
Evaluate Reserved Instances and Savings Plans against the requirements.
Reserved Instances and Savings Plans are ruled out because they require a 1-year or 3-year commitment, which is inefficient for a 3-week workload.
Commitment-based models are meant for long-term, stable workloads.
4
Evaluate On-Demand Instances against the remaining requirements.
On-Demand Instances require no long-term commitment, guarantee no interruption from capacity reclaims, and can be terminated at any time.
On-Demand represents the most cost-effective and appropriate model for this specific short-term, continuous workload.

Key Concept

Selecting optimal EC2 pricing models based on duration, stability, and interruption tolerance.
Question 1255Question

An enterprise is planning to migrate several workloads to the AWS Cloud and wants to select the optimal compute service for each application. Match each workload description to the most appropriate AWS compute service.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

A containerized microservice that must be executed without provisioning, patching, or managing any underlying EC2 instances.
A simple web blog that requires an all-in-one environment containing a virtual server, storage, and networking with a predictable monthly price.
A short-lived, event-driven task that processes images automatically when uploaded to Amazon S3, completing within seconds.
A database server requiring administrative access to customize the underlying Windows Server operating system and system registry.

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Matching pairs: The containerized microservice without VM management matches AWS Fargate. The simple blog with predictable flat pricing matches Amazon Lightsail. The short-lived, S3-triggered task matches AWS Lambda. The database server requiring administrative OS access matches Amazon EC2.
The correct matches align each compute service with its operational profile: AWS Fargate hosts containers without server management; Amazon Lightsail provides simplified VPS deployments with predictable billing; AWS Lambda runs event-triggered stateless code; and Amazon EC2 provides full administrative control over virtual servers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the containerized microservice requirements.
The requirement calls for running containers without managing virtual servers. This aligns with AWS Fargate.
AWS Fargate is the serverless launch type for container orchestration on AWS.
2
Analyze the blog requirements.
The requirement asks for an all-in-one VPS bundle with flat, predictable pricing. This aligns with Amazon Lightsail.
Amazon Lightsail is designed specifically for simple, predictable web hosting workloads.
3
Analyze the short-lived event-driven task requirements.
The requirement highlights an event-driven function executing in response to S3 uploads for a few seconds. This aligns with AWS Lambda.
AWS Lambda is ideal for event-driven serverless functions that run for short durations.
4
Analyze the database server requirements.
The requirement demands full administrative control over the OS and registry. This aligns with Amazon EC2.
Amazon EC2 is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering that grants complete root/administrator level access to the virtual machine.

Key Concept

AWS Compute Services selection based on architectural requirements and management overhead boundaries.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1256Question

When a company transfers data between applications hosted in separate AWS geographic locations (such as US East and Europe), which of the following best describes how this traffic is routed across the AWS global infrastructure?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It travels over a fully redundant, private global network backbone managed by AWS.

Answer

It travels over a fully redundant, private global network backbone managed by AWS.
The correct answer is correct because AWS has built its own private, redundant, and high-capacity global network backbone that connects all of its geographic regions. Traffic between these locations travels over this private backbone rather than the public internet, which improves security, performance, and reliability.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the source and destination points of the traffic.
The traffic is traversing between separate geographic regions (e.g., US East and Europe).
Determining the geographic scope helps identify which physical networking components are used.
2
Evaluate the network connectivity that links AWS geographic regions.
Regions are connected by a private, fully redundant, and high-capacity global network backbone managed by AWS.
This private infrastructure ensures high throughput, low latency, and security, avoiding the public internet.
3
Choose the option that matches this architectural design.
The traffic travels over the private global network backbone managed by AWS.
This is the correct explanation of AWS inter-region data transfer routing.

Key Concept

AWS Global Network and Inter-Region Connectivity
Question 1257Question

An enterprise is planning to restructure its AWS Support plans across different organizational units. The operations unit requires an AWS Support plan that provides a designated Technical Account Manager (TAM) to proactively coordinate operational reviews and architectural guidance. The testing unit requires an AWS Support plan that provides 24/7 access to Cloud Support Engineers via phone, email, and chat to resolve testing issues, but does not require any TAM resources. To meet these requirements at the minimum cost, which of the following AWS Support plans should the enterprise select? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Enterprise Support for the operations unit; Business Support for the testing unit

Answer

Enterprise Support for the operations unit and Business Support for the testing unit
Enterprise Support is the minimum tier that provides a designated Technical Account Manager (TAM) to coordinate proactive operational reviews and architectural guidance, meeting the operations unit's requirements. Business Support is the minimum tier that provides 24/7 phone, email, and chat support from Cloud Support Engineers, meeting the testing unit's requirements.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the requirements for the operations unit.
The operations unit needs a designated Technical Account Manager (TAM). Enterprise Support is the lowest tier that provides a dedicated/designated TAM (Enterprise On-Ramp only provides access to a pool of TAMs).
To identify the minimum support plan that offers a dedicated TAM.
2
Analyze the requirements for the testing unit.
The testing unit requires 24/7 access to Cloud Support Engineers via phone, email, and chat, but no TAM. Business Support meets this requirement at the lowest cost (Developer Support is email-only during business hours).
To identify the minimum support plan that offers 24/7 multi-channel support.

Key Concept

AWS Support plan tiers and their respective support features, including Technical Account Manager (TAM) allocation and availability of 24/7 phone, email, and chat support.
Question 1258Question

A startup is launching a new public web portal and needs to store and distribute marketing assets, such as images, PDF brochures, and videos, directly to global website visitors. The storage solution must scale automatically to support millions of concurrent web requests, be accessible via HTTP/HTTPS, and offer durability of at least 99.999999999%99.999999999\%. Which AWS storage service should the startup select for this requirement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

Answer

The correct answer is Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3).
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is designed as a highly durable object storage service that automatically scales to handle any volume of web requests. Because objects stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) can be accessed directly via HTTP/HTTPS endpoints, it is the ideal choice for distributing public web assets directly to global users.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the requirements in the scenario.
The startup needs to store and distribute media assets directly to public web users via HTTP/HTTPS, requires automatic scaling for millions of concurrent requests, and needs highly durable storage.
Understanding the specific constraints allows us to eliminate storage options that cannot serve public web requests natively or do not scale automatically.
2
Evaluate the suitability of AWS storage types.
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is object storage accessible via URLs, scales dynamically to handle massive web requests, and offers 99.999999999%99.999999999\% durability. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) and Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) require attachment to compute instances and cannot serve HTTP/HTTPS requests directly. Amazon S3 Glacier is for archives and has retrieval delays.
Matching the characteristics of each storage type against the portal's public distribution and scaling needs leads to the correct choice.

Key Concept

AWS storage services differ in their access methods, scaling capabilities, and use cases, with Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) being the primary service for internet-accessible object storage.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 1259Question

A retail company is planning to deploy two new workloads on Amazon EC2:

1. An internal administrative application that is active only during standard business hours (8 hours a day, 5 days a week) and must remain highly available during those hours without any interruption.
2. A monthly data-cleansing batch process that runs for 12 hours, is designed to save its progress to a database every 10 minutes, and can be stopped and restarted at any time without data loss.

Which of the following Amazon EC2 pricing models should the company select to achieve the most cost-effective setup for these workloads? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: On-Demand Instances for the internal administrative application; Spot Instances for the monthly data-cleansing batch process

Answer

The correct options are On-Demand Instances for the internal administrative application and Spot Instances for the monthly data-cleansing batch process.
The correct choices are On-Demand Instances for the internal administrative application and Spot Instances for the monthly data-cleansing batch process. On-Demand Instances allow the company to run the administrative application during business hours and stop it during off-hours, paying only for the hours used without risking interruption. Spot Instances provide the deepest discount for the monthly batch process since the workload is fault-tolerant and can easily resume from checkpoints if interrupted.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the requirements for the administrative application workload.
The application runs only 40 hours a week (24% utilization), must not be interrupted, and must be highly available during those hours.
This helps determine if commitments (Reserved Instances) or interruptible models (Spot Instances) are suitable.
2
Compare EC2 pricing models for the administrative workload.
On-Demand Instances allow stopping the instance outside business hours to only pay for 40 hours of use, which is more cost-effective than paying 24/7 for a Reserved Instance or Savings Plan, while avoiding the interruption risk of Spot Instances.
Choosing On-Demand matches the requirement of no interruptions while keeping costs low through scheduling.
3
Analyze the requirements for the monthly data-cleansing batch process workload.
The batch process runs for 12 hours once a month, checkpoints every 10 minutes, and is fully tolerant of interruptions.
Fault-tolerant, short-running batch workloads are ideal candidates for high-discount pricing models.
4
Compare EC2 pricing models for the batch process workload.
Spot Instances provide up to 90% savings compared to On-Demand rates and are perfectly suited for this workload since it can handle interruptions by resuming from its 10-minute checkpoints.
Spot Instances maximize savings for flexible, non-time-critical batch jobs.

Key Concept

Selecting the optimal Amazon EC2 pricing model based on workload characteristics like predictability, tolerance for interruption, and overall utilization.
Question 1260Question

A retail company has acquired two smaller online stores, each with its own AWS account. The IT director decides to link these accounts using AWS Organizations. Which two benefits does consolidated billing provide to the company? (Select TWO.)

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A single, consolidated invoice is generated for all member accounts in the organization.; Usage across all member accounts is aggregated to help qualify for volume pricing discounts on services like Amazon S3.

Answer

Consolidated billing provides a single, consolidated invoice for all member accounts and aggregates usage across all member accounts to qualify for volume pricing discounts.
Consolidated billing allows an organization to consolidate payment for multiple AWS accounts under a single invoice. Additionally, AWS pools the usage of all member accounts in the organization, making it easier to meet thresholds for volume discounts on services such as Amazon S3 storage and Amazon EC2 usage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core features of consolidated billing in AWS Organizations.
Consolidated billing simplifies payment by providing one invoice and allows for volume discounts by aggregating usage.
This establishes the correct understanding of the billing benefits.
2
Evaluate the options against these core features and eliminate incorrect security or architectural options.
The options describing a single invoice and volume pricing are correct, while options involving root credential sharing, account merging, or shared responsibility changes are incorrect.
This verifies the correct answer selections and filters out common misconceptions.

Key Concept

AWS Organizations Consolidated Billing features
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