All practice questions

A smart home security company is designing a high-performing ingestion pipeline for security camera event logs. The pipeline must ingest log payloads from $100,000$ cameras, with each camera sending a $1 \text{ KB}$ JSON payload every $5 \text{ seconds}$. The solution must process these logs with sub-second latency to perform anomaly detection and trigger immediate alerts. Additionally, all raw logs must be archived in Amazon S3 for historical analysis, partitioned by date. Which two actions should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements with the lowest operational overhead? (Select two.)

An e-commerce company is migrating its primary transactional database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database design must meet the following operational requirements:

* Within the primary AWS Region, the database must support automatic failover with a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of less than $40$ seconds.
* The architecture must allow read workloads to scale horizontally across multiple Availability Zones in the primary Region without querying the primary writer instance.
* For disaster recovery, the database must support cross-Region replication to a secondary Region with a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of less than $15$ minutes.

Which database configuration meets these requirements with the least operational complexity?

An enterprise is migrating a containerized microservices application to AWS. The architecture consists of a steady-state backend API running on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate, a relational database running on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL, and a data warehouse hosted on Amazon Redshift. The compute requirements are as follows:

- The ECS backend API requires a constant baseline of $80\text{ vCPU}$ and $320\text{ GiB}$ of memory running 24/7.
- A nightly batch analytics job runs on ECS Fargate for 3 hours, requiring an additional $120\text{ vCPU}$ and $480\text{ GiB}$ of memory. The batch job is fault-tolerant and can resume if interrupted.
- The RDS database requires a constant baseline of $16\text{ vCPU}$ and $64\text{ GiB}$ of memory running 24/7.
- The Amazon Redshift cluster runs continuously to serve near-real-time business intelligence dashboards.

The enterprise wants to minimize costs over a 3-year period by committing to a purchasing strategy, while minimizing operational overhead.

Which purchasing strategy will achieve the lowest cost for these requirements?

A logistics company is designing an ingestion pipeline for real-time tracking data from a fleet of $50,000$ delivery vehicles. Each vehicle transmits a $1.5\text{ KB}$ JSON location update every $5\text{ seconds}$. The company has two primary requirements: real-time route optimization calculations with a latency of less than one second, and storing the data in Amazon S3 in Apache Parquet format for long-term historical query analysis using Amazon Athena. Which combination of actions will meet these requirements with the highest performance? (Select two.)

A geographic information system (GIS) platform processes real-time satellite imagery using a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances launched in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The instances require a highly available, shared file system that supports simultaneous read and write access with sub-millisecond latencies to coordinate mapping files. Additionally, the raw images must be backed up to a secondary AWS Region to comply with disaster recovery policies. The system must achieve a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of $15$ minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of $10$ minutes.

Which combination of AWS storage configurations will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A company is deploying a new web application on AWS. The application consists of Amazon EC2 instances running a steady-state web server 24/7, and an Amazon DynamoDB table storing session data with highly spiky and unpredictable access patterns. Which TWO strategies should a solutions architect select to run this workload in the most cost-effective manner?

A company runs a financial transaction processing application on a fleet of containerized microservices using Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate. The containers are distributed across multiple Availability Zones for high availability. The application requires a shared, POSIX-compliant file system to store transaction logs and state information. The workload is highly unpredictable, with sharp traffic spikes during market open and close, requiring throughput to scale rapidly up to $3\text{ GB/s}$ during peak times while remaining minimal during off-hours. The storage solution must deliver consistent, sub-millisecond latencies for file operations. Which two actions should a solutions architect take to configure the storage solution for this application? (Choose two.)

A financial services company operates a risk analysis application on AWS. The application architecture consists of three main tiers:

* Web/API Tier: Containerized APIs running on Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate. The APIs run 24/7 with a steady-state baseline of $10\text{ vCPU}$ and $20\text{ GB}$ RAM, but dynamically scale up to $50\text{ vCPU}$ and $100\text{ GB}$ RAM during peak business hours.
* Batch Processing Tier: A nightly data reconciliation job running on Amazon EC2. The job runs for $3$ hours daily, is highly fault-tolerant, and can easily resume from checkpoints if interrupted.
* Database Tier: A steady-state Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance running 24/7.

The company wants to optimize its AWS compute and database costs over a $1$-year period. Which combination of purchasing options will provide the most cost-effective solution while meeting the application's operational requirements?

A healthcare provider manages an application that uploads files to an Amazon S3 bucket. The data consists of three types of files:

- Clinical images: Average size of $12$ MB. These files are accessed frequently during the first $30$ days, after which they are rarely accessed but must be available for millisecond-level retrieval by physicians for up to $180$ days before deletion.
- Patient telemetry logs: Average size of $250$ KB. These files are accessed frequently during the first $10$ days and can be permanently deleted after $25$ days.
- Daily check-in metadata: Average size of $8$ KB. These files are accessed frequently for the first $30$ days, and then accessed occasionally for another $120$ days before deletion.

Which S3 lifecycle configuration represents the most cost-effective storage strategy for these files?

A company is planning to deploy a new web application that consists of a 24/7 continuous backend API and a separate daily batch data processing job that is fault-tolerant and can be run at any time. The solutions architect needs to design a cost-optimized compute strategy for these workloads. Which combination of compute selection and purchasing strategies will meet these requirements at the lowest cost? (Select TWO.)

A medical diagnostics company has deployed a global imaging application on AWS. The application stores high-resolution digital scans in an Amazon S3 bucket. Medical personnel globally access these scans frequently within 48 hours of creation, after which access drops significantly. The scans must be delivered with the lowest possible latency and maximum security. The company must ensure that only authorized clinicians can access the scans, and wants to minimize requests to the S3 origin.

Which combination of actions should a Solutions Architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A digital marketing agency serves promotional HTML newsletters and CSS stylesheets to subscribers globally. The files are hosted in an Amazon S3 bucket behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. A solutions architect reviews the CloudFront reports and finds that the cache hit ratio is 0%, leading to high latency for users and unexpected S3 data transfer charges. Which configuration issue is the primary cause of this behavior?

An online education company stores popular static media assets, such as course images and stylesheets, in an Amazon S3 bucket. During peak enrollment periods, the S3 bucket experiences performance degradation due to high request volumes from global users. The company wants to reduce latency for users, protect the S3 bucket from overloading, and minimize operational complexity. Which configuration should the solutions architect choose?

A media production studio is deploying a collaborative video rendering pipeline on AWS using a fleet of $150$ Amazon EC2 instances. The rendering nodes require concurrent read/write access to a shared file system. The storage solution must deliver sub-millisecond latencies, scale up to $12\text{ GiB/s}$ of aggregate throughput, and support millions of IOPS. The studio's source assets are currently stored in an Amazon S3 bucket, and all rendered outputs must be automatically exported back to the same S3 bucket. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A financial company stores monthly transaction reports in an Amazon S3 Standard bucket. The reports have an average size of $15\text{ MB}$ each. These reports are accessed frequently by the auditing team for the first $30$ days after generation. After $30$ days, the reports are rarely accessed but must be kept for an additional $60$ days to meet compliance requirements. During this compliance period, the reports must be available for immediate retrieval in the event of an audit. After a total of $90$ days, the reports must be permanently deleted.

Which combination of Amazon S3 Lifecycle actions should a solutions architect implement to meet these requirements in the most cost-effective manner? (Select TWO.)

A company hosts a financial reporting application on AWS. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to query an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. Users run complex, repetitive SQL queries that retrieve historical transaction records. During month-end reporting cycles, the database CPU utilization reaches $100\%$, leading to query timeouts and slow response times. The database records are updated only once per day. Which architectural solution should a solutions architect implement to resolve the database bottleneck with the lowest latency?

A genomic research laboratory runs sequencing pipelines on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet. The pipelines generate raw sequence files of approximately $150\text{ MB}$ each, which are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data is accessed frequently and must be available immediately for the first $15\text{ days}$. After $15\text{ days}$, the files are rarely accessed but must be retained for at least $120\text{ days}$ to meet regulatory compliance requirements. Audits can tolerate a retrieval time of up to $5\text{ hours}$.

Which TWO solutions should the solutions architect combine to meet these requirements in the most cost-effective manner? (Select TWO.)

A software-as-a-service (SaaS) company is building a real-time collaborative whiteboarding application. The application requires a database to store user session states across two AWS Regions: $us-west-2$ and $eu-central-1$. The architecture must support active-active writes in both Regions to ensure sub-millisecond write latencies for local users. The database must automatically replicate data bi-directionally with a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of less than $1$ second and a recovery time objective (RTO) of near zero during a regional outage. Which combination of configurations must a solutions architect implement to achieve this resilient database architecture? (Select TWO.)

A company hosts a legacy inventory management application on AWS. The architecture consists of a steady-state fleet of Amazon EC2 instances running $24/7$ and an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database instance that also runs continuously. The company wants to minimize costs for both the EC2 instances and the RDS database with a $1$-year commitment. Which combination of purchasing options will provide the most cost-effective solution?

A global logistics company has deployed a fleet-tracking application that ingests real-time telemetry data from vehicle sensors using a proprietary TCP-based protocol. The backend application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a primary AWS Region. The company requires a highly resilient architecture that minimizes latency for global clients, prevents packet loss over the public internet, and automatically fails over to a secondary Region in the event of an outage. Which architecture should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?