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Difficulty: MediumHigh Availability and Disaster Recovery Design

A logistics company is designing a telemetry ingestion system for connected vehicles. The system must ingest real-time GPS data from vehicles globally. The primary workload runs in the us-east-1 Region, utilizing an Amazon ECS cluster running on AWS Fargate in private subnets, an Application Load Balancer (ALB), and a database layer. The architecture must be expanded to the us-west-2 Region to support a disaster recovery plan with an RTO of under 5 minutes and an RPO of under 1 minute. Active-active routing is preferred to minimize ingestion latency for vehicles on the West Coast. The company needs to minimize operational complexity while maintaining high availability, and the Fargate tasks require highly resilient outbound internet access in both regions to fetch firmware updates without a single point of failure. Which of the following actions should the Solutions Architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

  1. Configure Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables to replicate database tables between the us-east-1 and us-west-2 regions.Answer
  2. Configure Route 53 latency-based routing policies with health checks to route telemetry traffic to the nearest region, and deploy a NAT Gateway in each Availability Zone in both regions.Answer
  3. C
    Configure AWS Backup to perform hourly cross-region copying of Amazon DynamoDB backups from us-east-1 to us-west-2.
  4. D
    Deploy a single NAT Gateway in the primary Availability Zone of each region, and configure route tables in all other Availability Zones to point to this single NAT Gateway.
  5. E
    Deploy the database layer using Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with active-active write replication, and configure Aurora Auto Scaling to dynamically adjust database replication lag.
  6. F
    Configure Route 53 with a Private Hosted Zone to resolve the public Application Load Balancer endpoints for telemetry client connections.

Answer

Configure Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables to replicate database tables between the us-east-1 and us-west-2 regions, and configure Route 53 latency-based routing policies with health checks while deploying a NAT Gateway in each Availability Zone in both regions.
The correct answer combines Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables to achieve fully managed, active-active multi-region database replication with sub-second replication lag, thereby satisfying the strict RPO under 1 minute. It also uses Route 53 latency-based routing to ensure vehicles reach the closest region for minimum latency, coupled with a NAT Gateway per Availability Zone to prevent a single Availability Zone outage from breaking outbound internet access for ECS tasks.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Select a multi-region active-active database replication strategy to satisfy the RPO constraint.
Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables replicate data across regions with sub-second replication latency, meeting the 1-minute RPO requirement without custom coding.
Traditional backup restore methods (hourly copying) exceed both the RPO and RTO requirements.
2
Design dynamic routing for active-active low-latency ingress client traffic.
Configure Route 53 latency-based routing policies with health checks to route telemetry traffic from vehicles to the nearest healthy regional Application Load Balancer.
This guarantees that vehicles connect to the closest region, reducing latency and facilitating automatic regional failover.
3
Ensure outbound connectivity redundancy in both regions for private subnet resources.
Deploy a NAT Gateway in each Availability Zone in public subnets of both regions, and update the private subnet route tables to reference their local NAT Gateway.
Sharing a single NAT Gateway across Availability Zones creates a single point of failure, violating the high availability and resiliency requirements.

Key Concept

Multi-region active-active design using Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables, combined with Route 53 latency-based routing and localized NAT Gateway redundancy for resilient ingress/egress patterns.
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Topics

High Availability and Disaster Recovery Design

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