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Difficulty: HardTCP vs UDP Comparison and Protocols

Match each network application operational requirement or protocol scenario on the left with its corresponding transport layer protocol implementation characteristic on the right.

  • Real-time interactive voice communications (VoIP) sensitive to delay variation and jitterUtilizes UDP with a fixed 8-byte header to eliminate transmission delay without transport-layer retransmission
  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighbor relationship establishing routing table synchronizationUtilizes TCP port 179 to enforce connection-oriented state tracking, sequence numbers, and explicit delivery guarantees
  • Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) image download on an embedded network deviceUtilizes UDP port 69, delegating error recovery and lock-step acknowledgments to the application layer to keep transport minimal
  • Centralized SNMPv2c polling query retrieving interface counters from high-density switchesUtilizes UDP port 161 to perform lightweight, stateless request-response exchanges without per-session state memory overhead

Answer

Real-time VoIP pairs with UDP 8-byte low-latency transport; BGP peering pairs with TCP port 179 stateful reliable transport; TFTP image download pairs with UDP port 69 and application-layer ACKs; SNMP polling pairs with UDP port 161 stateless request-response.
Real-time VoIP demands UDP for minimal latency and an 8-byte header; BGP requires TCP on port 179 for reliable ordered routing updates; TFTP uses UDP port 69 and handles reliability at the application layer; SNMP polling uses UDP port 161 for lightweight stateless data collection.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze transport latency and retransmission requirements for voice traffic
Real-time VoIP requires low latency and predictable delivery without retransmitting dropped packets, matching UDP's 8-byte header fixed structure.
Retransmitted voice packets arrive too late to be decoded into meaningful audio.
2
Analyze reliability requirements for control plane routing protocols
BGP demands strict sequence ordering and guaranteed arrival of routing table updates, matching TCP port 179 stateful behavior.
BGP does not implement its own transport retransmission mechanism.
3
Evaluate bootloader file transfer architecture
TFTP uses UDP port 69 while handling stop-and-wait acknowledgments at the application layer.
Simple boot ROMs require minimal transport stack overhead while still needing basic delivery validation.
4
Evaluate high-frequency network monitoring polling overhead
SNMP polling uses UDP port 161 for stateless queries to prevent memory exhaustion on monitoring hosts.
Establishing TCP three-way handshakes for thousands of recurring metric requests adds unnecessary processing and state overhead.

Key Concept

TCP vs UDP Transport Characteristics and Application Protocol Mapping
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Topics

TCP vs UDP Comparison and Protocols

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