Question

Difficulty: MediumPassword Security Policies, MFA, and Certificates

An organization is updating its administrative access policy for Cisco enterprise network devices. To enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for secure SSH management access, network administrators configure AAA authentication to require both a static account password and a one-time passcode (OTP) generated by a physical hardware token fob. Which statement correctly classifies these two authentication controls under standard MFA factor categories?

  1. The static account password is a knowledge factor (something you know), while the hardware token passcode is a possession factor (something you have).Answer
  2. B
    The static account password is a possession factor (something you have), while the hardware token passcode is an inherence factor (something you are).
  3. C
    Both the static account password and the hardware token passcode are classified as knowledge factors (something you know) because both involve text entry into a terminal.
  4. D
    The static account password is a knowledge factor (something you know), while the hardware token passcode is an inherence factor (something you are).

Answer

The static account password is a knowledge factor (something you know), while the hardware token passcode is a possession factor (something you have).
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances security by combining two or more independent credential types: Knowledge (something you know, such as a password or PIN), Possession (something you have, such as a physical hardware token, smart card, or mobile authenticator app), and Inherence (something you are, such as a fingerprint or iris scan). A static password is memorized information (knowledge), whereas a hardware token passcode requires physical ownership of the generating device (possession).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the authentication controls presented in the scenario.
Control 1 is a static account password. Control 2 is a temporary passcode generated by a physical hardware token fob.
Categorizing MFA requires identifying the underlying mechanism of each credential.
2
Map each control to standard MFA factor categories: Knowledge (something you know), Possession (something you have), and Inherence (something you are).
The static password relies on memorized secret data (knowledge). The hardware token passcode relies on owning a physical key fob device (possession).
True multi-factor authentication requires using credentials from two or more distinct categories.

Key Concept

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Factor Categorization
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