IP Services

A network administrator is configuring QoS mechanisms on a branch router edge interface to manage traffic bursts that periodically exceed the committed contract rate. Which two statements accurately describe the operational characteristics of traffic shaping?

An enterprise router connects to an Internet Service Provider over a 1 Gbps physical Ethernet interface, but the WAN contract strictly enforces a Committed Information Rate (CIR) of 50 Mbps. The network engineer notices that bursty corporate traffic periodically exceeds 50 Mbps, causing the service provider to immediately drop the non-conforming packets. Which Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism should be applied to the router's WAN egress interface to buffer excess packets during spikes and release them at a rate matching the 50 Mbps contract?

Match each Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) standard on the left to its corresponding bit/decimal value and network application profile on the right.

A network administrator is troubleshooting TCP application performance degradation on an enterprise egress WAN interface. Analysis shows that momentary traffic spikes above the contracted service rate are causing immediate packet drops, leading to TCP global synchronization and reduced throughput. Which QoS modification should be applied to the WAN interface to smooth out traffic bursts by delaying excess packets in a buffer rather than dropping them immediately?

A network engineer is configuring a Cisco IOS router (R1) to act as a DHCP relay agent servicing clients across multiple subnets. Central DHCP services reside at IP address 172.16.100.5. The subinterface configuration on R1 is as follows:

text
interface GigabitEthernet0/0.10
encapsulation dot1Q 10
ip address 10.1.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 172.16.100.5
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 10.1.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description Egress link towards DHCP Server
ip address 172.16.100.1 255.255.255.0

Clients connected to VLAN 10 successfully receive IP addresses, while clients on VLAN 20 fail to obtain lease parameters. Which TWO statements accurately explain the operation of the DHCP relay agent or the required configuration changes?

A network engineer applies the following logging configuration to a Cisco IOS router:

text
logging buffered 8192 notifications
logging trap 4
logging host 172.16.10.50

Shortly after applying this configuration, the router experiences several events and generates the following syslog messages:

1. `%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by admin on vty0 (192.168.1.10)`
2. `%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down`
3. `%SYS-6-LOGGINGHOST_STARTSTOP: Logging to host 172.16.10.50 started`
4. `%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down`

Which syslog message will be successfully transmitted to the remote syslog server at 172.16.10.50?

A network engineer on router R1 configures dynamic Network Address Translation using an IP pool containing two public addresses ($203.0.113.1$ to $203.0.113.2$) to service the internal subnet $172.16.10.0/24$. Access Control List 10 permits traffic from $172.16.10.0/24$. The router configuration includes the statement `ip nat inside source list 10 pool NAT_POOL`. During peak operating hours, users report that after two simultaneous connections are established, all additional internal hosts fail to reach external destinations. Output from `show ip nat statistics` displays active translations at maximum pool capacity with zero port translation entries. Which configuration change will allow all internal hosts to share the public addresses concurrently?

A network engineer is configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) on a Cisco IOS router using an IP address pool. Access Control List 10 matches internal private IPv4 addresses, and the NAT pool is named `OUTSIDE_POOL`. To allow multiple internal hosts to share the addresses in `OUTSIDE_POOL` by multiplexing Layer 4 port numbers, which single keyword must be appended to the end of the `ip nat inside source list 10 pool OUTSIDE_POOL` command?

A network administrator configures Port Address Translation (PAT) on a Cisco IOS router to allow hosts on the $192.168.10.0/24$ internal subnet to access external servers using a dynamic NAT pool. After applying the configuration, only the first host to send traffic successfully establishes an outbound connection. All subsequent internal hosts fail to reach external destinations.

The router configuration is as follows:
text
ip nat pool EDGE_POOL 198.51.100.10 198.51.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.252
access-list 105 permit ip 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any
ip nat inside source list 105 pool EDGE_POOL
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 198.51.100.9 255.255.255.252
ip nat outside

Which modification to the router configuration will resolve the connectivity failure for all remaining internal hosts?

A network engineer is troubleshooting outbound connectivity failures on a Cisco IOS router. Internal devices on subnet $10.0.10.0/24$ can establish a maximum of two concurrent Internet connections. Additional hosts experience connection timeouts. The output of `show ip nat statistics` displays:

Total active translations: 2 (0 static, 2 dynamic, 0 extended)
Outside interfaces: GigabitEthernet0/1
Inside interfaces: GigabitEthernet0/0
Hits: 842 Misses: 412
Dynamic mappings:
-- Inside Source
[id 1] access-list 10 pool PUBLIC_POOL refcount 2
pool PUBLIC_POOL: netmask 255.255.255.252
start 198.51.100.1 end 198.51.100.2
type generic, total addresses 2, allocated 2 (100%), misses 412

The current running configuration contains `ip nat inside source list 10 pool PUBLIC_POOL`.

Which configuration change on the router will allow all internal hosts on subnet $10.0.10.0/24$ to share the existing pool addresses concurrently without adding new public IP addresses?

A network engineer is configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) on a Cisco IOS router using a dynamic interface-based configuration. The engineer enters the following global configuration command to map inside addresses matched by Access List 10 to the GigabitEthernet0/1 interface:

`ip nat inside source list 10 interface GigabitEthernet0/1`

Which single Cisco IOS keyword must be added to the end of this command to allow multiple internal hosts to share the single public IP address using unique source port numbers?

A network administrator is configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) on a Cisco IOS router to allow multiple internal hosts on the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet to share the single public IPv4 address assigned to the GigabitEthernet0/1 interface. The administrator enters the following CLI commands:

Router(config)# access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)# ip nat inside source list 1 interface GigabitEthernet0/1

During testing, only the first internal host that generates outbound traffic successfully connects to the Internet. Subsequent traffic from all other internal hosts is dropped. Which configuration change resolves this issue and enables all internal hosts to share the interface IP address simultaneously?

A network administrator is configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) on a Cisco IOS router. Internal private IP hosts defined in Access Control List 1 (ACL 1) must share the single public IPv4 address assigned to the GigabitEthernet0/0 interface when communicating with the internet. Which Cisco IOS global configuration command correctly enables PAT for this scenario?

A network administrator needs to verify the operational summary of Network Address Translation (NAT) on a Cisco IOS router, including active translation totals, hit/miss counters, expired translations, and dynamic pool usage. Which Cisco IOS EXEC command displays these summary statistics?

An enterprise router is configured to perform dynamic NAT for an internal LAN subnet using a NAT pool containing a single public IP address ($203.0.113.2$). Network users report that while the first host connecting to an external server successfully establishes a session, all subsequent internal hosts fail to reach external destinations simultaneously.

Review the following excerpt from the router's configuration:

text
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 10.50.0.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.248
ip nat outside
!
ip access-list standard LAN_SERVERS
permit 10.50.0.0 0.0.255.255
!
ip nat pool PUBLIC_POOL 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2 netmask 255.255.255.248
ip nat inside source list LAN_SERVERS pool PUBLIC_POOL

Which configuration change will resolve the issue and permit concurrent internet access for multiple internal hosts?

A network administrator configures dynamic NAT on a Cisco IOS router to enable hosts on the $192.168.10.0/24$ internal network to reach the Internet using an address pool defined as $203.0.113.1$ to $203.0.113.2$. After deployment, only two internal hosts can access external servers at any given time. Subsequent connection attempts from other internal hosts fail until one of the active hosts disconnects. Verification with the command `show ip nat translations` shows exactly two active entries without any transport layer port numbers listed. Which configuration change must be made on the router to allow all internal hosts to access external resources simultaneously?

During network troubleshooting on router R3, users on subnet $172.16.10.0/24$ report that only one internal host can access the Internet at a time. The network administrator runs `show ip nat statistics` and observes the following output:

Total active translations: 1 (0 static, 1 dynamic, 0 extended)
Outside interfaces:
GigabitEthernet0/1
Inside interfaces:
GigabitEthernet0/0
Hits: 142 Misses: 18
Dynamic mappings:
-- Inside Source
access-list 15 pool CORP_PAT refcount 1

The running configuration contains:
`ip nat pool CORP_PAT 203.0.113.10 203.0.113.10 prefix-length 29`
`ip nat inside source list 15 pool CORP_PAT`

Which configuration change on R3 will resolve the issue and permit multiple internal hosts to access external resources simultaneously?

To enable multiple internal devices to share the single public IPv4 address assigned to WAN interface Serial0/1/0 using Port Address Translation (PAT), which Cisco IOS command must be executed?

A network engineer needs to configure static Port Address Translation (Port Forwarding) on a Cisco IOS router to allow public users on the Internet to access an internal HTTP web server. The internal web server is assigned private IPv4 address $10.1.1.50$ and listens on TCP port $80$. External connections should be directed to the router's public IPv4 address $203.0.113.10$ on TCP port $8080$.

What exact Cisco IOS global configuration command must be entered to establish this static NAT mapping?

A network administrator is verifying traffic flows from client workstations in an enterprise environment. Which transport layer protocol and destination port does a host client use by default when submitting standard domain name lookup queries to a DNS server?