Question

Difficulty: MediumMotherboard, RAM, CPU, and Power Issues

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that unexpectedly shuts down during operation and refuses to turn back on until the AC power cord is unplugged for several seconds. Place the diagnostic steps in the correct order to determine if a tripped power supply unit (PSU) protection circuit or a motherboard short is causing the failure.

  1. 1Unplug the AC power cable from the wall outlet and wait 30 seconds to drain residual flea power.
  2. 2Disconnect all internal power cable harnesses (24-pin ATX, 4/8-pin EPS, PCIe, and SATA) from the motherboard and internal components.
  3. 3Bridge the PS_ON pin to a ground pin on the 24-pin ATX connector using a paperclip or PSU jumper tool, then reconnect main AC power.
  4. 4Measure DC voltage output on the +3.3V, +5V, and +12V rails using a multimeter.

Answer

The correct diagnostic sequence is: 1) Unplug the AC power cable and wait 30 seconds to drain flea power, 2) Disconnect all internal power cable harnesses from the motherboard and components, 3) Bridge the PS_ON pin to ground on the 24-pin connector and reconnect AC power, and 4) Measure DC voltage output on the +3.3V, +5V, and +12V rails using a multimeter.
When a system shuts down and requires AC power removal to turn back on, a PSU safety circuit has tripped. The proper order of operations requires first clearing flea power by disconnecting AC power. Next, all internal hardware components must be disconnected to isolate the PSU. Then, bridging the PS_ON pin manually tests basic power-on capability. Finally, using a multimeter verifies that output voltage rails fall within standard ATX specifications.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Remove main AC power to allow internal capacitors to discharge.
Residual energy (flea power) is completely drained, resetting any latched protection circuits inside the power supply unit.
Latching safety circuits in modern PSUs keep power disabled until AC power is fully cycled.
2
Disconnect all internal PSU cables from motherboard and hardware components.
The power supply unit is isolated from all potential downstream electrical shorts.
A shorted motherboard component or drive will immediately trip the PSU again if left connected during diagnostic testing.
3
Insert a jumper between the PS_ON (green wire) and a Ground (black wire) pin on the 24-pin main connector.
The PSU turns on independently, and its cooling fan begins to spin.
This simulates the power switch signal normally sent by the motherboard power header.
4
Use a multimeter set to DC voltage to test output pins on the power connectors.
Voltage readings are verified against expected values (+12VDC, +5VDC, +3.3VDC).
Confirms the power supply outputs stable voltages within standard ATX tolerance limits under no-load testing.

Key Concept

Power Supply Unit (PSU) Protection Circuit Reset and Isolation Testing
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