Question

Difficulty: MediumSpanning Tree Protocol Operations

A network engineer deploys four switches in a redundant enterprise topology running standard IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. The switches are configured with the following bridge priorities and MAC addresses:

• Switch-Alpha: Priority 4096, MAC 00:11:22:33:44:55
• Switch-Beta: Priority 8192, MAC 00:11:22:33:44:AA
• Switch-Gamma: Priority 4096, MAC 00:11:22:33:44:11
• Switch-Delta: Priority 32768, MAC 00:11:22:33:44:00

Which switch will be elected as the Root Bridge for this STP domain?

  1. Switch-GammaAnswer
  2. B
    Switch-Alpha
  3. C
    Switch-Delta
  4. D
    Switch-Beta

Answer

Switch-Gamma will be elected as the Root Bridge because it shares the lowest bridge priority value (4096) and has the lowest MAC address among the tied switches.
In Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), the Root Bridge election evaluates the Bridge Identifier (BID), which consists of a 2-byte Bridge Priority and a 6-byte MAC address. The switch with the lowest numerical BID becomes the Root Bridge. Priority is evaluated first; Switch-Alpha and Switch-Gamma tie with the lowest priority of 4096. Evaluating the MAC address as the tie-breaker reveals that Switch-Gamma's MAC address (00:11:22:33:44:11) is lower than Switch-Alpha's MAC address (00:11:22:33:44:55), making Switch-Gamma the Root Bridge.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the Bridge Priority values of all switches in the STP domain.
Switch-Alpha (4096) and Switch-Gamma (4096) have the lowest priority values, while Switch-Beta (8192) and Switch-Delta (32768) are eliminated.
STP elects the switch with the lowest numerical Bridge ID (Priority + MAC address). Priority is evaluated first.
2
Compare the MAC addresses of the switches tied for the lowest priority value.
Switch-Gamma's MAC address (00:11:22:33:44:11) is lower than Switch-Alpha's MAC address (00:11:22:33:44:55).
When priority values are identical, the switch with the lowest MAC address serves as the tie-breaker to determine the Root Bridge.

Key Concept

STP Root Bridge Election Mechanics
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