Question

Difficulty: MediumHigh Availability and Redundancy Concepts

An organization deploys an active/standby pair of network gateways configured with a First Hop Redundancy Protocol to provide default gateway resiliency. During scheduled maintenance testing, when the primary active gateway is powered off, workstations on the local subnet immediately lose all outbound internet connectivity. Inspection reveals that internal workstations are receiving traffic normally within their local LAN, but failover routing does not resume internet access until the primary gateway is powered back on. Which misconfiguration is the most likely cause of this issue?

  1. The workstations have their default gateway setting pointing to the physical IP address of the primary gateway rather than the shared virtual IP address.Answer
  2. B
    The workstations are configured with a default gateway IP address that resides on a completely different logical IP subnet than their interface IP addresses.
  3. C
    The primary gateway switchport is configured with a high numerical Spanning Tree Protocol priority value, forcing it into a blocking state.
  4. D
    The outbound NAT rules on the secondary standby gateway are set to Static NAT instead of Port Address Translation (PAT).

Answer

The workstations have their default gateway setting pointing to the physical IP address of the primary gateway rather than the shared virtual IP address.
In high-availability network designs utilizing First Hop Redundancy Protocols (such as HSRP or VRRP), host endpoints must be configured to use the shared Virtual IP (VIP) as their default gateway. If hosts are incorrectly configured with the physical IP address of the primary router, outbound packets will continue targeting that specific physical device. Consequently, when the primary device fails or is powered down for maintenance, the secondary router cannot intercept that traffic, resulting in a complete loss of external network connectivity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the reported symptom during high availability failover testing.
Local LAN traffic functions normally, but outbound internet traffic fails completely when the primary active gateway is powered off.
This indicates that local Layer 2 connectivity is operational, but Layer 3 default gateway traffic is not properly transitioning to the standby device.
2
Evaluate how First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP) manage virtual and physical IP addresses.
FHRP protocols assign a shared Virtual IP (VIP) and virtual MAC address that move between primary and backup routers.
Host clients must send outbound packets to the VIP so that traffic is automatically received by whichever router is currently active.
3
Identify the configuration discrepancy on host workstations.
Pointing hosts directly to the physical interface IP of the primary router bypasses the FHRP virtual gateway mechanism.
When the primary router fails, traffic directed to its physical IP drops, rendering the redundant backup router unused.

Key Concept

FHRP Virtual Gateway IP Configuration
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