Match each secure remote access protocol or tunneling technology on the left to its corresponding architectural characteristic and operational port specification on the right.
- OpenVPNUses custom SSL/TLS protocols for key exchange and operates by default over UDP port 1194.
- IPsec (IP Security)Operates at the Network Layer (Layer 3) utilizing IKEv2 over UDP port 500/4500 and ESP (IP Protocol 50) for encrypted payloads.
- GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)Encapsulates Layer 3 multiprotocol packet types but lacks native encryption, requiring pairing with ESP for confidentiality.
- SSTP (Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol)Establishes an SSL/TLS tunnel over TCP port 443, making it effective at traversing strict firewalls and NAT devices.
Answer
OpenVPN matches with UDP port 1194 SSL/TLS operation; IPsec matches with Layer 3 IKEv2/ESP functionality; GRE matches with unencrypted multiprotocol tunneling; SSTP matches with TCP port 443 SSL/TLS firewall traversal.
OpenVPN defaults to UDP port 1194 and uses SSL/TLS. IPsec functions at Layer 3 using IKEv2 (UDP 500/4500) and ESP (IP Protocol 50). GRE provides tunneling for multicast/multiprotocol traffic without native encryption. SSTP wraps PPP traffic inside SSL/TLS over TCP port 443 to pass through strict firewalls.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Virtual Private Network Protocols and Encapsulation Characteristics