Question

Difficulty: MediumHigh Availability and Redundancy Concepts

A network administrator is configuring network redundancy for a mission-critical database server equipped with two physical network interface cards (NICs). The server is connected to two separate, independent standalone switches that do not support multi-chassis link aggregation (MLAG). The administrator configures IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) bonding on the server's interfaces. Immediately after enabling the bond, network monitoring reports severe packet loss, and both switches log MAC address flapping errors. Which of the following is the most appropriate solution to resolve the connectivity issue while maintaining interface redundancy?

  1. Reconfigure the server NIC teaming mode to Switch Independent Active-Backup mode.Answer
  2. B
    Configure the server's default gateway to use the physical IP address of the primary switch instead of the virtual IP (VIP).
  3. C
    Set the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) priority on both standalone switches to the highest numerical value available.
  4. D
    Enable LACP Active mode on the connected ports of both standalone switches.

Answer

Reconfiguring the server's NIC teaming mode to Switch Independent Active-Backup mode resolves the MAC address flapping while maintaining link redundancy.
IEEE 802.3ad LACP link aggregation requires the participating ports to terminate on a single switch control plane, such as a single switch or stacked switches supporting MLAG. When LACP is enabled across independent standalone switches, the switches see the same MAC address appearing across different unaggregated links, causing MAC address table instability (flapping) and dropped traffic. Reconfiguring the NIC team to Switch Independent Active-Backup mode allows one interface to handle traffic while keeping the other in standby without requiring switch coordination, resolving the conflict while maintaining hardware failover protection.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the cause of MAC address flapping
IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) requires all aggregated physical ports to terminate on a single logical switch (or MLAG/stacked switch cluster). Connecting LACP links to independent standalone switches causes frames with the same source MAC address to arrive on separate switches, leading to MAC table instability.
Standalone switches cannot coordinate LACP control frames across separate control planes.
2
Select a compatible redundancy mode for standalone switches
Switch Independent Active-Backup mode sends traffic over one primary interface while keeping the secondary interface standby. It does not require switch coordination.
Active-Backup mode works across unstacked, independent upstream switches without causing MAC flapping.

Key Concept

NIC Teaming and Link Aggregation Requirements in High Availability
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