Question

Difficulty: EasySpanning Tree Protocol Operations

When a non-root switch determines which interface will serve as its Root Port, it processes incoming Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) using a specific sequence of decision criteria. Place the steps taken by the switch in the correct operational order from first to last.

  1. 1Receive BPDUs on active interfaces and read the Root Path Cost advertised by neighboring switches.
  2. 2Add the local receiving interface's port path cost to the advertised Root Path Cost for each port.
  3. 3Compare the cumulative path costs across all candidate interfaces to identify the lowest path cost.
  4. 4Apply tie-breaker rules (lowest designated Bridge ID, then lowest designated Port ID) if cumulative costs are equal.

Answer

The correct sequence for Root Port selection is: 1) Receive BPDUs and read advertised Root Path Cost, 2) Add local interface cost to calculate cumulative path cost, 3) Select the port with the lowest total path cost, and 4) Use tie-breaker criteria (lowest designated Bridge ID and Port ID) if path costs are equal.
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Root Port selection mechanism follows a strict decision hierarchy: receiving neighbor advertised path costs first, adding the local interface cost to calculate total path cost second, choosing the lowest total path cost third, and resolving any ties using designated Bridge ID and Port ID values last.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Ingest BPDUs
The switch reads the incoming BPDU frame fields, specifically obtaining the advertised Root Path Cost from adjacent switches.
Path cost evaluations cannot begin until advertised values are collected from neighbors.
2
Calculate Cumulative Path Cost
For each candidate port, local port path cost is added to the advertised cost.
STP calculates path cost inbound at the receiving switch port based on link speed.
3
Evaluate Lowest Path Cost
The candidate port offering the lowest overall path cost to the root bridge is identified.
Lowest total path cost is the primary decision factor for Root Port designation.
4
Evaluate Tie-Breakers
If a tie exists, the switch compares neighbor Bridge IDs, then neighbor Port IDs, to break the tie.
Tie-breaker fields exist to ensure a deterministic selection when multiple paths cost the same.

Key Concept

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Root Port Decision Sequence
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