Question

Difficulty: MediumSwitching Concepts and VLANs

An enterprise Layer 2 switch has Port 1 and Port 2 assigned to VLAN 1010, and Port 3 assigned to VLAN 2020. Port 1 receives an Ethernet frame with an unknown destination MAC address. Which of the following actions will the switch take upon receiving this frame?

  1. Flood the frame out Port 2 only, while updating the MAC address table with the source MAC address on Port 1 in VLAN 1010.Answer
  2. B
    Flood the frame out Port 2 and Port 3 to ensure all devices physically attached to the switch receive the transmission.
  3. C
    Convert the Layer 2 frame into a Layer 3 broadcast packet and route it to all active switch interfaces.
  4. D
    Strip the 802.1Q header tag from the frame and forward it to Port 3 over the native VLAN interface.

Answer

The switch will flood the frame out Port 2 only while recording the source MAC address of the frame on Port 1 in VLAN 10.
When a Layer 2 switch receives an Ethernet frame with an unknown destination MAC address, it performs unknown unicast flooding. This operation forwards a copy of the frame out every port belonging to the same VLAN as the receiving port, except the port on which the frame arrived. Because Port 1 and Port 2 reside in VLAN 10, Port 2 is the only eligible forwarding destination. Furthermore, the switch updates its MAC address table with the frame's source MAC address mapped to Port 1 within VLAN 10.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine source MAC address learning
The switch inspects the ingress frame's source MAC address and maps it to Port 1 and VLAN 1010 in its CAM table.
Layer 2 switches build MAC address tables dynamically by observing incoming frame source addresses.
2
Examine destination MAC lookup
The destination MAC address is missing from the switch MAC table for VLAN 1010, marking it as an unknown unicast frame.
When a destination MAC address is not present in the table, the switch cannot perform selective point-to-point forwarding.
3
Determine flooding domain scope
The switch forwards the frame out Port 2 (VLAN 1010) only, completely excluding Port 3 (VLAN 2020).
VLAN boundaries define separate Layer 2 broadcast domains; unknown unicast flooding is strictly contained within the ingress VLAN.

Key Concept

Layer 2 Unknown Unicast Flooding and VLAN Broadcast Domain Isolation
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