Examkin

Question

Difficulty: HardHigh Availability and Redundancy Concepts

An enterprise network design requires deploying redundant layer 2 and layer 3 mechanisms across perimeter firewalls, default gateways, and switch uplinks. Match each high availability protocol on the left with its corresponding operational specification or MAC/header characteristic on the right.

  • Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)Cisco-proprietary gateway redundancy protocol using Active/Standby roles and virtual MAC address prefix 0000.0c07.acXX
  • Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)Open-standard gateway redundancy protocol using Master/Backup roles and virtual MAC address prefix 0000.5e00.01XX
  • Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)IEEE 802.3ad standard protocol that dynamically bundles physical ethernet ports into a single logical interface for bandwidth aggregation and link failover
  • Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)BSD-derived open-source protocol allowing multiple hosts on a segment to share an IP address using cryptographic authentication to prevent spoofing

Answer

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) matches with Cisco-proprietary gateway redundancy protocol using Active/Standby roles and virtual MAC address prefix 0000.0c07.acXX; Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) matches with Open-standard gateway redundancy protocol using Master/Backup roles and virtual MAC address prefix 0000.5e00.01XX; Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) matches with IEEE 802.3ad standard protocol that dynamically bundles physical ethernet ports into a single logical interface; Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) matches with BSD-derived open-source protocol allowing multiple hosts on a segment to share an IP address using cryptographic authentication.
Each protocol is accurately matched to its design standard, MAC address structure, and operational role: HSRP is Cisco-proprietary using Active/Standby states (0000.0c07.acXX); VRRP is an open standard using Master/Backup states (0000.5e00.01XX); LACP is the IEEE 802.3ad multi-link trunking standard; and CARP is the open-source BSD protocol with cryptographic authentication.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify First-Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP) and distinguish proprietary implementations from open standards.
HSRP is identified as Cisco-proprietary (Active/Standby, MAC prefix 0000.0c07.acXX), whereas VRRP is an open IETF standard (Master/Backup, MAC prefix 0000.5e00.01XX).
MAC address ranges and operational terminology are key differentiators between HSRP and VRRP.
2
Identify link-layer aggregation protocols.
LACP matches IEEE 802.3ad dynamic bundling for interface redundancy.
LACP operates at Layer 2 to aggregate physical switch ports rather than creating virtual gateway IP addresses at Layer 3.
3
Identify specialized open-source security-focused gateway redundancy protocols.
CARP matches the BSD-derived open-source protocol offering cryptographic authentication.
CARP was explicitly developed within BSD to provide secure IP sharing without patent encumbrance.

Key Concept

High Availability and Gateway/Link Redundancy Protocols
Rate this question

Topics

High Availability and Redundancy Concepts

More questions from this topic