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Difficulty: EasyData Governance, Classification, and Privacy Controls

Match each data privacy and protection technique on the left with its corresponding operational implementation on the right.

  • TokenizationReplacing sensitive data elements with non-sensitive surrogates stored in a separate lookup vault.
  • Data MaskingConcealing specific characters or fields in a database view (such as showing only the last four digits of an account number) to limit visibility.
  • AnonymizationIrreversibly modifying data so that the data subject can no longer be identified by any reasonably likely means.
  • HashingConverting plain text into a fixed-length string using a one-way mathematical function to ensure data integrity or securely store passwords.

Answer

Tokenization pairs with replacing data with non-sensitive surrogates in a vault; Data Masking pairs with concealing specific fields or characters; Anonymization pairs with irreversibly removing identification capabilities; Hashing pairs with converting text into a fixed-length string via a one-way function.
Each data control accurately aligns with its standard industry definition: Tokenization uses surrogate values backed by a vault, Data Masking restricts visible characters, Anonymization permanently removes PII linking capabilities, and Hashing uses a one-way mathematical function.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the definition of Tokenization.
Identified that tokenization relies on surrogate tokens and a mapping vault.
Tokenization replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive placeholders without using encryption keys on the target data.
2
Analyze the definition of Data Masking.
Identified that data masking hides specific characters in output or views.
Masking obscures portions of sensitive fields to prevent unauthorized viewing while maintaining data layout.
3
Analyze the definition of Anonymization.
Identified that anonymization removes identification irreversibly.
Anonymization prevents data re-identification under regulatory standards like GDPR.
4
Analyze the definition of Hashing.
Identified that hashing creates a fixed-length string through a one-way function.
Hashing is a deterministic, non-reversible cryptographic operation used primarily for integrity verification.

Key Concept

Data Protection Techniques and Privacy Enhancing Technologies
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Topics

Data Governance, Classification, and Privacy Controls

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