Question

Difficulty: MediumInequalities and Absolute Value Equations

If xx is a real number satisfying the equation ∣2x−3∣=5x−12|2x - 3| = 5x - 12, what is the sum of all valid real solutions for xx?

  1. 33Answer
  2. B
    157\frac{15}{7}
  3. C
    367\frac{36}{7}
  4. D
    −3-3
  5. E
    457\frac{45}{7}

Answer

The sum of all valid real solutions is 33.
The option specifying 33 correctly identifies x=3x = 3 as the only valid solution after discarding the extraneous root x=157x = \frac{15}{7}, which produces a negative right-hand side in the original equation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Set up the two algebraic cases for the absolute value equation ∣2x−3∣=5x−12|2x - 3| = 5x - 12.
Case 1: 2x−3=5x−122x - 3 = 5x - 12
Case 2: 2x−3=−(5x−12)=−5x+122x - 3 = -(5x - 12) = -5x + 12
By definition, ∣a∣=b|a| = b implies a=ba = b or a=−ba = -b, provided b≥0b \ge 0.
2
Solve Case 1 for xx.
2x−3=5x−12  ⟹  3x=9  ⟹  x=32x - 3 = 5x - 12 \implies 3x = 9 \implies x = 3
Isolate the variable xx algebraically.
3
Solve Case 2 for xx.
2x−3=−5x+12  ⟹  7x=15  ⟹  x=1572x - 3 = -5x + 12 \implies 7x = 15 \implies x = \frac{15}{7}
Isolate the variable xx algebraically.
4
Check candidate solutions for extraneous roots in the original equation.
For x=3x = 3: ∣2(3)−3∣=∣3∣=3|2(3) - 3| = |3| = 3 and 5(3)−12=35(3) - 12 = 3. Valid.
For x=157x = \frac{15}{7}: ∣2(157)−3∣=∣97∣=97|2(\frac{15}{7}) - 3| = |\frac{9}{7}| = \frac{9}{7}, but 5(157)−12=−975(\frac{15}{7}) - 12 = -\frac{9}{7}. Since 97≠−97\frac{9}{7} \neq -\frac{9}{7}, x=157x = \frac{15}{7} is extraneous.
The output of an absolute value expression cannot be negative, so any candidate root making the right side negative must be discarded.
5
Calculate the sum of all valid real solutions.
Sum = 33
There is only one valid solution, x=3x = 3.

Key Concept

Solving absolute value equations with a variable expression on the right-hand side requires checking candidate solutions to eliminate extraneous roots.
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