Question

Difficulty: Very hardOptimization and Bounded Constraints

An earth-observation satellite payload operator allocates integer numbers of channels to two operational payload modes: High-Resolution Imaging (II) and Atmospheric Sounding (SS). Operational parameters and resource bounds are specified as follows:

- Bandwidth: Each imaging channel requires 15 MHz15\text{ MHz} and each sounding channel requires 10 MHz10\text{ MHz}. Total available payload bandwidth is at most 210 MHz210\text{ MHz}.
- Power: Each imaging channel consumes 40 W40\text{ W} and each sounding channel consumes 15 W15\text{ W}. Total available power budget is at most 440 W440\text{ W}.
- Mission Minimums: The satellite must operate at least 22 imaging channels (I2I \ge 2) and at least 44 sounding channels (S4S \ge 4).
- Buffer Constraint: The number of sounding channels cannot exceed twice the number of imaging channels (S2IS \le 2I).

Match each payload optimization target on the left with its corresponding integer channel count on the right.

  • Maximum possible number of Imaging channels (II)9
  • Maximum possible number of Sounding channels (SS)12
  • Number of Sounding channels (SS) that maximizes daily data return (R=70I+20SR = 70I + 20S Gbit/day)5

Answer

The maximum possible number of Imaging channels (II) is 9. The maximum possible number of Sounding channels (SS) is 12. The number of Sounding channels (SS) that maximizes daily data return is 5.
Matching the maximum imaging channels (II) to 9 is correct because I=10I = 10 forces S2S \le 2, violating S4S \ge 4, whereas I=9I = 9 is fully feasible with S=5S = 5. Matching the maximum sounding channels (SS) to 12 is correct because at (6,12)(6, 12), bandwidth, power, and buffer constraints are simultaneously satisfied. Matching the sounding channels for maximum data return to 5 is correct because the function R=70I+20SR = 70I + 20S reaches its peak of 730 Gbit/day at (9,5)(9, 5).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Formulate the algebraic system of inequality constraints.
Bandwidth: 15I+10S210    3I+2S4215I + 10S \le 210 \implies 3I + 2S \le 42. Power: 40I+15S440    8I+3S8840I + 15S \le 440 \implies 8I + 3S \le 88. Bounds: I2I \ge 2, S4S \ge 4, and S2IS \le 2I.
Converting narrative bounds into simplified algebraic inequalities facilitates evaluating integer extreme points.
2
Find the maximum feasible value for Imaging channels (II).
If I=10I = 10, power requires 8(10)+3S88    3S8    S28(10) + 3S \le 88 \implies 3S \le 8 \implies S \le 2, which violates the minimum requirement S4S \ge 4. If I=9I = 9, power requires 8(9)+3S88    3S16    S58(9) + 3S \le 88 \implies 3S \le 16 \implies S \le 5. With S=4S = 4 or S=5S = 5, bandwidth gives 3(9)+2(5)=37423(9) + 2(5) = 37 \le 42 and S2(9)S \le 2(9) holds. Thus, max I=9I = 9.
Determining the upper bound of II requires testing larger integer values of II while ensuring S4S \ge 4 is not violated.
3
Find the maximum feasible value for Sounding channels (SS).
Since S2IS \le 2I, SS is constrained by II. Testing I=6I = 6: bandwidth gives 3(6)+2S42    2S24    S123(6) + 2S \le 42 \implies 2S \le 24 \implies S \le 12. Power gives 8(6)+3S88    3S40    S13.338(6) + 3S \le 88 \implies 3S \le 40 \implies S \le 13.33. Buffer gives S2(6)=12S \le 2(6) = 12. At (6,12)(6, 12), all constraints hold (18+24=424218+24=42 \le 42, 48+36=848848+36=84 \le 88, 121212 \le 12). Thus, max S=12S = 12.
Maximizing SS requires balancing the ratio constraint S2IS \le 2I against bandwidth and power limits.
4
Maximize the objective function R(I,S)=70I+20SR(I, S) = 70I + 20S over all feasible boundary points.
Evaluating candidate integer vertex points: R(9,5)=70(9)+20(5)=730R(9, 5) = 70(9) + 20(5) = 730; R(9,4)=710R(9, 4) = 710; R(8,8)=720R(8, 8) = 720; R(7,10)=690R(7, 10) = 690; R(6,12)=660R(6, 12) = 660. The maximum data return occurs at (9,5)(9, 5), where S=5S = 5.
Comparing total return at all boundary points identifies the global integer maximum.

Key Concept

Linear Programming and Integer Bounded Optimization
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