Question

Difficulty: MediumPermutations and Combinations

A security system generates 4-digit passcodes using distinct digits selected from the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\}. How many different 4-digit passcodes can be formed if the first digit must be odd and the last digit must be even?

Answer: 240

Answer

240
To form a valid passcode under the given constraints, we analyze each position step-by-step. The first digit has 4 possible choices (odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7), and the fourth digit has 3 possible choices (even numbers: 2, 4, 6). Since the problem specifies that the digits in the passcode must be distinct, choosing the first and last digits consumes 2 of the 7 available digits, leaving 5 digits for the second position and 4 digits for the third position. Applying the Fundamental Counting Principle gives a total of 4×5×4×3=2404 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3 = 240 unique passcodes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine choices for the first digit
4 choices
The set contains 4 odd digits: 1, 3, 5, and 7.
2
Determine choices for the fourth (last) digit
3 choices
The set contains 3 even digits: 2, 4, and 6.
3
Determine choices for the second and third digits
5 choices for the second digit, 4 choices for the third digit
All digits in the passcode must be distinct. Having used 2 digits for the first and last positions, 5 digits remain out of 7 for the second slot, and 4 digits remain for the third slot.
4
Apply the Fundamental Counting Principle
4 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 240
Multiply the number of available options for each position to find the total number of distinct passcodes.

Key Concept

Permutations with Position Restrictions
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