Question

Difficulty: MediumDirect Factual Retrieval

In 1725, Lyon textile worker Basile Bouchon introduced a pivotal modification to the traditional silk drawloom by utilizing a perforated paper roll to control the selection of warp threads. Prior to Bouchon's invention, complex pattern weaving relied on a cord-pulling assistant, known as a drawboy, who manually raised specific warp threads according to a written pattern code—a process prone to human error and severely limiting production speed. Bouchon adapted the mechanisms of organ clocks, substituting a continuous roll of punched paper for the pegged wooden cylinders traditionally used in automated instruments. As the paper roll turned, a row of needles pressed against it; needles encountering holes passed through, triggering the mechanical lifting of corresponding warp threads, while needles encountering solid paper were pushed back, keeping their threads lowered. Despite its conceptual ingenuity, Bouchon's initial apparatus faced significant operational resistance in Lyon workshops. The fragile paper rolls frequently tore under the humidity of weaving cellars, and the single row of needles could only accommodate simple repeating patterns, constraining the loom to rudimentary motifs. Consequently, master weavers largely rejected the mechanism as an unreliable substitute for skilled labor, prompting Bouchon's colleague Jean-Baptiste Falcon to replace the paper roll with perforated stiff cardboard cards bound in an endless loop—a structural adjustment that enhanced durability and laid the foundation for Jacquard's later fully automated loom.

According to the passage, which of the following is explicitly stated as a primary operational limitation of Basile Bouchon's 1725 loom modification?

  1. A
    The mechanics of the apparatus caused frequent thread breakage by forcing needles directly through silk fibers.
  2. The paper control medium was prone to tearing due to the damp environmental conditions in weaving cellars.Answer
  3. C
    The system still required a drawboy to manually verify that needles encountered holes in the continuous paper roll.
  4. D
    The wooden cylinders adapted from organ clocks added excessive mechanical weight to the loom frame.
  5. E
    The single row of needles rendered the mechanism completely incapable of weaving repeating geometric patterns.

Answer

The paper control medium was prone to tearing due to the damp environmental conditions in weaving cellars.
The correct answer accurately reflects explicit passage evidence stating that the paper rolls frequently tore due to humidity in weaving cellars. The option uses semantic paraphrasing ('damp environmental conditions' for 'humidity' and 'paper control medium' for 'paper rolls') while preserving the exact factual assertion of the text.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target entity and question keyword in the prompt.
The target is the operational limitations of Basile Bouchon's 1725 loom mechanism.
The stem explicitly asks for what the text states regarding limitations of Bouchon's initial apparatus.
2
Locate the specific sentence in the passage addressing Bouchon's operational limitations.
Found: 'The fragile paper rolls frequently tore under the humidity of weaving cellars, and the single row of needles could only accommodate simple repeating patterns...'
Direct factual retrieval requires matching explicit statements from the text.
3
Evaluate option paraphrases against the located passage detail.
The statement regarding the paper control medium being prone to tearing due to damp conditions paraphrases 'fragile paper rolls frequently tore under the humidity of weaving cellars'.
Correct GMAT Reading Comprehension factual answers use semantic equivalents rather than verbatim quotes.

Key Concept

Direct Factual Retrieval
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