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Question

Difficulty: MediumExplicit Detail Retrieval

Passage:
In 1856, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote presented a paper demonstrating the heat-trapping capabilities of atmospheric gases. Using glass cylinders exposed to sunlight, Foote measured the temperature changes in containers filled with compressed air, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Her measurements revealed that the cylinder containing moist carbon dioxide experienced the highest temperature increase and took the longest duration to cool down after being removed from sunlight. Based on these observations, Foote explicitly posited that an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide would impart a significantly higher temperature to Earth. Although John Tyndall is frequently credited with discovering the atmospheric greenhouse effect through his later 1859 experiments using infrared spectrophotometry, Foote’s earlier empirical work established the direct relationship between carbon dioxide concentrations and solar radiative heating, despite her apparatus omitting isolated infrared radiation sources.

Which of the following statements about Eunice Newton Foote's 1856 experiment are explicitly supported by the passage? Select all that apply.

  1. Foote recorded temperature changes in glass cylinders containing several different gases, including hydrogen and carbon dioxide.Answer
  2. B
    Foote used infrared spectrophotometry to measure how different gas samples reacted to solar radiation.
  3. The container filled with moist carbon dioxide required a longer period to cool down than containers holding the other tested gases.Answer

Answer

The statements confirming that Foote recorded temperatures across multiple gases (including hydrogen and carbon dioxide) and that the moist carbon dioxide container required the longest time to cool down are both explicitly supported by the passage.
The passage directly supports two statements: it lists hydrogen and carbon dioxide among the gases tested in Foote's glass cylinders, and it explicitly states that the container holding moist carbon dioxide took the longest duration to cool down compared to the other tested containers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the sentence detailing the specific gases placed in the glass cylinders during Foote's experiment.
The text explicitly names compressed air, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Verifies whether testing hydrogen and carbon dioxide is directly stated.
2
Examine the passage for statements regarding the cooling duration of the moist carbon dioxide container.
The text explicitly states that the cylinder containing moist carbon dioxide 'took the longest duration to cool down after being removed from sunlight.'
Verifies whether the relative cooling time claim is explicitly supported.
3
Evaluate the statement attributing infrared spectrophotometry to Foote's methodology.
The passage states that infrared spectrophotometry was introduced by John Tyndall in 1859 and explicitly mentions that Foote's apparatus omitted isolated infrared radiation sources.
Eliminates statements that misread or misattribute passage details.

Key Concept

Explicit Detail Retrieval
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Explicit Detail Retrieval

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