Question

Difficulty: HardLinear Inequalities and Absolute Value

Let SS be the set of all real numbers xx that satisfy the nested absolute value inequality ∣3−∣2x−1∣∣≤4|3 - |2x - 1|| \le 4. Which of the following inequalities MUST be satisfied by every value of xx in SS? Select all such inequalities.

  1. ∣x∣≤4|x| \le 4Answer
  2. (x+3)(x−4)≤0(x + 3)(x - 4) \le 0Answer
  3. C
    ∣2x−1∣≤4|2x - 1| \le 4
  4. D
    −1≤x≤7-1 \le x \le 7
  5. E
    x≥−2x \ge -2

Answer

The inequalities that must be satisfied by every value of xx in SS are ∣x∣≤4|x| \le 4 and (x+3)(x−4)≤0(x + 3)(x - 4) \le 0.
The solution set to the nested inequality is S=[−3,4]S = [-3, 4]. For any value of xx in [−3,4][-3, 4], the absolute value ∣x∣|x| ranges from 00 to 44, so the inequality stating that the magnitude of xx is at most 4 is satisfied. Additionally, the quadratic expression factored as (x+3)(x−4)(x + 3)(x - 4) has roots at x=−3x = -3 and x=4x = 4 and opens upward, meaning it takes on values less than or equal to zero for all xx between −3-3 and 44.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Unfold the outer absolute value inequality
−4≤3−∣2x−1∣≤4-4 \le 3 - |2x - 1| \le 4
By definition, ∣u∣≤k|u| \le k (with k≥0k \ge 0) is equivalent to −k≤u≤k-k \le u \le k.
2
Isolate the inner absolute value expression by subtracting 3 and multiplying by -1
−1≤∣2x−1∣≤7-1 \le |2x - 1| \le 7
Subtracting 3 yields −7≤−∣2x−1∣≤1-7 \le -|2x - 1| \le 1. Multiplying by −1-1 flips the inequality signs, giving −1≤∣2x−1∣≤7-1 \le |2x - 1| \le 7.
3
Simplify the compound absolute value bound and solve for xx
x∈[−3,4]x \in [-3, 4]
Since an absolute value is non-negative, ∣2x−1∣≥−1|2x - 1| \ge -1 is satisfied for all real xx. Thus, we only need ∣2x−1∣≤7|2x - 1| \le 7, which gives −7≤2x−1≤7  ⟹  −6≤2x≤8  ⟹  −3≤x≤4-7 \le 2x - 1 \le 7 \implies -6 \le 2x \le 8 \implies -3 \le x \le 4.
4
Test the solution set S=[−3,4]S = [-3, 4] against each given statement
Statements ∣x∣≤4|x| \le 4 and (x+3)(x−4)≤0(x + 3)(x - 4) \le 0 hold for all x∈[−3,4]x \in [-3, 4].
For x∈[−3,4]x \in [-3, 4], the extreme values of xx yield ∣x∣≤4|x| \le 4. Furthermore, a quadratic with roots at −3-3 and 44 is non-positive on [−3,4][-3, 4].

Key Concept

Solving nested absolute value inequalities by systematic expansion and isolating valid intervals.
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