Question

Passage:
For decades, historiography regarding early twentieth-century municipal sanitation reforms in American cities framed the adoption of chlorination systems primarily as a triumph of municipal technocracy and progressive public health advocacy. Recent scholarship, however, offers a substantial re-evaluation by demonstrating how commercial dairy concerns and industrial textile manufacturers were central drivers of water purification infrastructure. Rather than operating out of philanthropic concern or public hygiene mandates, these commercial entities demanded consistent chemical standards in civic water supplies to protect their production processes—dairy operations required pathogen-free wash water to prevent premature spoilage, while textile mills sought standardized chemical profiles to avoid dyeing inconsistencies. Consequently, private industrial lobbying frequently preceded and shaped public health legislation, challenging the conventional narrative of top-down state-directed reform. By examining municipal budget archives alongside corporate correspondence from the era, historians now argue that municipal water infrastructure was less a purely humanitarian project than a hybrid construction born of industrial self-interest and civic pragmatism.

Which of the following statements accurately state a main idea or primary purpose of the passage? Select all that apply.