Question

Difficulty: MediumVocabulary-in-Context

Read the passage below:

In his seminal analyses of turn-of-the-century urban life, sociologist Georg Simmel argued that the relentless sensory stimulation of the metropolis forces individuals to adopt a protective psychological detachment. Far from indicating mere indifference, this posture of reserve is a calculated response to avoid total emotional exhaustion. According to Simmel, the psychic economy of the city dweller is perpetually informed by the need to regulate external inputs. The rapid pace and visual density of metropolitan existence require a continuous filtering of social encounters, transforming potential overstimulation into a manageable routine. Thus, spatial proximity in the modern city paradoxically fosters interpersonal distance, as urbanites cultivate an intellectualized defense mechanism against the overwhelming immediacy of their surroundings.

In the context of the passage, what single word best replaces 'informed' as used in the third sentence without altering the meaning?

Answer: shaped / conditioned / pervaded / influenced / animated / guided / molded

Answer

shaped (or conditioned / pervaded / influenced)
In the context of the passage, 'informed' is used in its secondary sense meaning to give shape, form, or character to something. Simmel argues that the necessity of regulating external sensory inputs actively shapes or conditions how urban dwellers organize their mental lives.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the sentence context around the target word 'informed'.
The passage asserts that the city dweller's psychic economy is perpetually 'informed by the need to regulate external inputs' to prevent emotional overload.
Evaluating surrounding context helps determine how 'informed' functions within the author's theoretical argument.
2
Differentiate between the primary literal definition and the secondary contextual meaning of 'informed'.
While 'informed' primarily means notified or instructed, in this academic context it describes an underlying force that imparts structure, character, or form to a psychological state.
GRE Verbal Reasoning vocabulary-in-context questions emphasize secondary definitions of polysemous words.
3
Select precise contextual synonyms.
Words such as 'shaped', 'conditioned', 'pervaded', or 'influenced' accurately capture how the imperative to regulate inputs molds urban psychological life.
Substituting 'shaped' preserves both the structural coherence and academic register of Simmel's analysis.

Key Concept

Determining secondary polysemous word meanings from academic context clues
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