Question

Difficulty: MediumReal Numbers, Number Line, and Absolute Value

On a number line, point AA is located at 1010 and point BB is located at 22. If point PP, with coordinate x>0x > 0, is three times as far from point AA as it is from point BB, what is the value of xx?

Answer: 4

Answer

4
The distance from P(x)P(x) to A(10)A(10) is x10|x - 10| and to B(2)B(2) is x2|x - 2|. Setting x10=3x2|x - 10| = 3|x - 2| gives two equations: x10=3x6x - 10 = 3x - 6, which yields x=2x = -2, and x10=3x+6x - 10 = -3x + 6, which yields x=4x = 4. Since x>0x > 0, the correct value is 4.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Formulate the distance relationship using absolute value notation.
x10=3x2|x - 10| = 3|x - 2|
The distance between two points uu and vv on the real number line is given by uv|u - v|.
2
Split the absolute value equation into two linear equations representing possible cases.
x10=3(x2)x - 10 = 3(x - 2) or x10=3(x2)x - 10 = -3(x - 2)
The equality a=b|a| = |b| implies a=ba = b or a=ba = -b.
3
Solve each case algebraically.
Case 1 gives x10=3x6    2x=4    x=2x - 10 = 3x - 6 \implies 2x = -4 \implies x = -2. Case 2 gives x10=3x+6    4x=16    x=4x - 10 = -3x + 6 \implies 4x = 16 \implies x = 4.
Standard linear equation solving.
4
Apply the given domain condition x>0x > 0.
x=4x = 4
The solution x=2x = -2 is negative and therefore violates the condition x>0x > 0.

Key Concept

Distance on a number line represented by absolute value equations
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