Question

Difficulty: MediumExponents, Powers, and Square Roots

If xx and yy are real numbers such that x<0<yx < 0 < y and x2>y2x^2 > y^2, which of the following statements must be true? Select all such statements.

  1. x3<y3x^3 < y^3Answer
  2. x2+x=0\sqrt{x^2} + x = 0Answer
  3. x+y<0x + y < 0Answer
  4. D
    x2+y2=∣x∣+y\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} = |x| + y
  5. E
    (−x)2=−x2(-x)^2 = -x^2

Answer

The correct statements are x3<y3x^3 < y^3, x2+x=0\sqrt{x^2} + x = 0, and x+y<0x + y < 0.
The statement x3<y3x^3 < y^3 is correct because cubing a negative number keeps it negative while cubing a positive number keeps it positive. The statement x2+x=0\sqrt{x^2} + x = 0 is correct because x2=∣x∣=−x\sqrt{x^2} = |x| = -x for negative numbers. The statement x+y<0x + y < 0 is correct because x2>y2x^2 > y^2 implies ∣x∣>y|x| > y, meaning the negative component xx has a larger absolute magnitude than the positive component yy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the signs of odd powers for x<0<yx < 0 < y
x3<0x^3 < 0 and y3>0y^3 > 0, which guarantees x3<y3x^3 < y^3.
Odd powers preserve the original sign of the base.
2
Apply the definition of principal square roots to negative values
x2=∣x∣=−x\sqrt{x^2} = |x| = -x, so x2+x=−x+x=0\sqrt{x^2} + x = -x + x = 0.
The square root symbol \sqrt{} denotes the principal (non-negative) root.
3
Compare absolute values using x2>y2x^2 > y^2
∣x∣>y  ⟹  −x>y  ⟹  x+y<0|x| > y \implies -x > y \implies x + y < 0.
Since x<0x < 0, its magnitude ∣x∣|x| is −x-x, which dominates the positive value yy.
4
Evaluate the false options against exponent and radical rules
x2+y2≠∣x∣+y\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \neq |x| + y due to non-distributivity of roots, and (−x)2=x2≠−x2(-x)^2 = x^2 \neq -x^2.
Radicals do not distribute over sums, and even powers eliminate negative signs.

Key Concept

Properties of real exponents, radical expressions, and absolute values for negative bases
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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