Question

Difficulty: HardLinear Inequalities and Absolute Value

If xx and yy are real numbers satisfying the inequalities 2x75|2x - 7| \le 5 and 3y+2<8|3y + 2| < 8, which of the following inequalities must be true? Select all that apply.

  1. xy>1x - y > -1Answer
  2. xy<12xy < 12Answer
  3. C
    x+y>0x + y > 0
  4. D
    y<3|y| < 3
  5. E
    yx>3y - x > -3

Answer

The inequalities that must be true are xy>1x - y > -1 and xy<12xy < 12.
Solving 2x75|2x - 7| \le 5 yields 1x61 \le x \le 6, and solving 3y+2<8|3y + 2| < 8 yields 103<y<2-\frac{10}{3} < y < 2. Combining x1x \ge 1 with y>2-y > -2 gives xy>1x - y > -1, which is always true. Furthermore, since xx is positive and bounded above by 66 while yy is bounded above by 22, the product xyxy must be strictly less than 1212.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Solve the absolute value inequality for xx.
52x75    22x12    1x6-5 \le 2x - 7 \le 5 \implies 2 \le 2x \le 12 \implies 1 \le x \le 6.
Unfolding the absolute value 2x75|2x - 7| \le 5 gives a compound linear inequality.
2
Solve the absolute value inequality for yy.
8<3y+2<8    10<3y<6    103<y<2-8 < 3y + 2 < 8 \implies -10 < 3y < 6 \implies -\frac{10}{3} < y < 2.
Unfolding the absolute value 3y+2<8|3y + 2| < 8 gives a strict compound linear inequality.
3
Evaluate the inequality xy>1x - y > -1.
Since x1x \ge 1 and y<2    y>2y < 2 \implies -y > -2, adding the inequalities gives x+(y)>1+(2)=1x + (-y) > 1 + (-2) = -1.
This establishes that xy>1x - y > -1 is always true.
4
Evaluate the inequality xy<12xy < 12.
Since 1x61 \le x \le 6 (all positive) and y<2y < 2, if y>0y > 0, xy<62=12xy < 6 \cdot 2 = 12. If y0y \le 0, xy0<12xy \le 0 < 12.
In all cases within the domain, xy<12xy < 12 holds strictly.
5
Test counterexamples for the remaining statements.
For x+y>0x + y > 0, x=1,y=3    x+y=20x=1, y=-3 \implies x+y=-2 \ngtr 0. For y<3|y| < 3, y=3.2    3.2=3.23y=-3.2 \implies |-3.2|=3.2 \nless 3. For yx>3y - x > -3, x=6,y=0    yx=63x=6, y=0 \implies y-x=-6 \ngtr -3.
Counterexamples disprove that these remaining statements must be true.

Key Concept

Linear Inequalities and Absolute Value Bounds
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