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Question

Difficulty: MediumFundamental and Derived Quantities

Match each physical quantity on the left with its correct fundamental SI base unit expression or fundamental status on the right.

  • Thermodynamic temperatureFundamental physical quantity measured in kelvin (K\text{K})
  • Electric chargeDerived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as A⋅s\text{A}\cdot\text{s}
  • Linear momentumDerived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as kg⋅m⋅s−1\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}
  • PowerDerived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as kg⋅m2⋅s−3\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^2\cdot\text{s}^{-3}

Answer

Thermodynamic temperature matches with 'Fundamental physical quantity measured in kelvin (K)'; Electric charge matches with 'Derived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as A·s'; Linear momentum matches with 'Derived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as kg·m·s⁻¹'; Power matches with 'Derived physical quantity expressed in base SI units as kg·m²·s⁻³'.
Each physical quantity is correctly paired with either its fundamental status or its base SI unit breakdown derived from core physics definitions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify fundamental quantities versus derived quantities.
Thermodynamic temperature is a basic fundamental quantity (unit: K\text{K}). Electric current is fundamental (unit: A\text{A}), but electric charge is derived (Q=ItQ = I t).
Fundamental quantities cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities.
2
Decompose Electric Charge into base units.
Since Q=I⋅tQ = I \cdot t, its unit is A⋅s\text{A}\cdot\text{s}.
Current is measured in amperes and time in seconds.
3
Decompose Linear Momentum into base units.
p=m⋅v⇒unit=kg⋅m⋅s−1p = m \cdot v \Rightarrow \text{unit} = \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}.
Mass is in kilograms and velocity is in meters per second.
4
Decompose Power into base units.
P=Wt=F⋅dt=(m⋅a)⋅dt⇒kg⋅(m⋅s−2)⋅ms=kg⋅m2⋅s−3P = \frac{W}{t} = \frac{F \cdot d}{t} = \frac{(m \cdot a) \cdot d}{t} \Rightarrow \frac{\text{kg} \cdot (\text{m}\cdot\text{s}^{-2}) \cdot \text{m}}{\text{s}} = \text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^2\cdot\text{s}^{-3}.
Power is work done per unit time.

Key Concept

Fundamental and Derived Quantities
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Topics

Fundamental and Derived Quantities

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