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Difficulty: MediumTypes and Preparation Methods of Salts

An acid salt is produced when the replaceable hydrogen ions of a polybasic acid are only partially replaced by a metallic or ammonium ion. Which of the following chemical equations represents the preparation of an acid salt?

  1. NaOH+H2SO4→NaHSO4+H2ONaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NaHSO_4 + H_2OAnswer
  2. B
    2NaOH+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O
  3. C
    NH3+HCl→NH4ClNH_3 + HCl \rightarrow NH_4Cl
  4. D
    CuO+H2SO4→CuSO4+H2OCuO + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow CuSO_4 + H_2O

Answer

The equation NaOH+H2SO4→NaHSO4+H2ONaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NaHSO_4 + H_2O represents the preparation of sodium hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4NaHSO_4), an acid salt.
The equation producing sodium hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4NaHSO_4) represents partial neutralization of dibasic tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (H2SO4H_2SO_4), leaving a replaceable hydrogen ion within the salt structure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define an acid salt in terms of neutralization.
Acid salts are formed when polybasic acids undergo partial neutralization, retaining at least one replaceable hydrogen ion in the anion.
Monobasic acids (like HClHCl) cannot form acid salts, while dibasic acids (like H2SO4H_2SO_4) can form both acid salts and normal salts depending on stoichiometry.
2
Analyze the stoichiometry and products of each reaction equation.
Reacting 1 mole of NaOHNaOH with 1 mole of H2SO4H_2SO_4 replaces only one of the two hydrogen atoms in H2SO4H_2SO_4, giving NaHSO4NaHSO_4.
Because NaHSO4NaHSO_4 contains ionizable hydrogen (H+H^+), it forms an acidic aqueous solution, satisfying the definition of an acid salt.

Key Concept

Classification and Synthesis of Acid Salts
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Types and Preparation Methods of Salts

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