In the evolutionary transition of animal systems from primitive invertebrates to advanced … — JAMB UTME

In the evolutionary transition of animal systems from primitive invertebrates to advanced terrestrial vertebrates, which sequence correctly reflects the increasing structural complexity of excretory organs?

Flame cells → Nephridia → Malpighian tubules → KidneysAnswer
B
Nephridia → Flame cells → Malpighian tubules → Kidneys
C
Malpighian tubules → Flame cells → Nephridia → Kidneys
D
Flame cells → Malpighian tubules → Nephridia → Kidneys

Answer

The sequence showing 'Flame cells → Nephridia → Malpighian tubules → Kidneys' accurately reflects the evolutionary trend of increasing complexity in excretory systems.

The correct answer traces the evolutionary trend of excretory organs across animal phyla: Platyhelminthes possess flame cells (protonephridia), Annelids possess nephridia (metanephridia), Arthropods possess Malpighian tubules, and Vertebrates possess kidneys composed of nephrons.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the taxonomic groups associated with each excretory structure

Flame cells are found in Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nephridia in Annelida (segmented worms), Malpighian tubules in Arthropoda (insects), and Kidneys in Vertebrata.

Tracking excretory organs across animal phyla reveals evolutionary trends in waste elimination systems.

Arrange the animal phyla in order of evolutionary emergence and structural complexity

Platyhelminthes (acoelomate) → Annelida (coelomate) → Arthropoda (advanced coelomate) → Vertebrata (chordate).

Organ systems evolve from simpler cell-aggregate network filters to complex vascularized organ units.

Match the arranged phyla to their respective excretory organs

Flame cells → Nephridia → Malpighian tubules → Kidneys.

This sequence correctly traces the morphological evolution of excretory structures from primitive to advanced lineages.

Key Concept

Evolutionary progression of excretory systems in animals

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