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Difficulty: MediumBiomes and Aquatic/Terrestrial Habitats

In Nigeria, transitioning northward from the tropical rainforest into the Guinea savanna zone presents organisms with prolonged dry periods and frequent seasonal fires. Which of the following morphological adaptations is most characteristic of dominant tree species established in the Guinea savanna biome?

  1. Thick, corky fire-resistant bark and deciduous leaves shed during the dry seasonAnswer
  2. B
    Broad evergreen leaves with drip tips and prominent supporting buttress roots
  3. C
    Specialized respiratory roots (pneumatophores) projecting above waterlogged muddy substrate
  4. D
    Complete reduction of leaves into rigid spines with thick succulent stems for water storage

Answer

Thick, corky fire-resistant bark and deciduous leaves shed during the dry season
The correct option highlights the twin challenges of the Guinea savanna: dry season drought and seasonal fires. Thick corky bark provides insulation against heat damage from grass fires, and shedding leaves reduces transpirational water loss during dry months.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the environmental stresses of the Guinea savanna biome
The Guinea savanna experiences a distinct dry season lasting 4 to 7 months accompanied by frequent grass fires.
Plant adaptations must target water conservation and thermal protection against fire.
2
Match environmental stresses with appropriate plant adaptations
Thick, corky bark insulates cambium cells from fire heat, while deciduous leaf-shedding stops transpirational loss during dry spells.
This combination ensures survival in tropical savanna climates.

Key Concept

Adaptive features of plants in Nigerian terrestrial biomes (Guinea Savanna)
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Biomes and Aquatic/Terrestrial Habitats

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