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Difficulty: EasyCirculatory and Transport Systems in Animals

Match each vertebrate group in Column I with its characteristic heart structure and circulatory pattern in Column II.

  • FishTwo-chambered heart with single circulation
  • AmphibiansThree-chambered heart with a completely undivided ventricle
  • Reptiles (excluding crocodiles)Three-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle
  • Birds and MammalsFour-chambered heart with complete double circulation

Answer

Fish matches with Two-chambered heart with single circulation; Amphibians match with Three-chambered heart with a completely undivided ventricle; Reptiles match with Three-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle; Birds and Mammals match with Four-chambered heart with complete double circulation.
Fish have a two-chambered heart with single circulation. Amphibians possess a three-chambered heart with two atria and an undivided ventricle. Non-crocodilian reptiles have a three-chambered heart featuring a partially divided ventricle. Birds and mammals possess a four-chambered heart providing complete separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the heart structure of Fish.
Fish have 1 atrium and 1 ventricle operating in single circulation.
Deoxygenated blood enters the atrium, moves to the ventricle, and is pumped to the gills before flowing to the rest of the body.
2
Determine the heart structure of Amphibians.
Amphibians have 2 atria and 1 undivided ventricle.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs/skin and deoxygenated blood from the body enter separate atria but meet in a common ventricle.
3
Determine the heart structure of non-crocodilian Reptiles.
Reptiles have 2 atria and 1 ventricle partially divided by an incomplete septum.
The partial septum helps reduce the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood compared to amphibians.
4
Determine the heart structure of Birds and Mammals.
Birds and mammals have 2 atria and 2 completely separated ventricles.
Complete division prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, supporting high metabolic rates.

Key Concept

Comparative anatomy of vertebrate hearts and circulatory pathways
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Topics

Circulatory and Transport Systems in Animals

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