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Difficulty: EasySolubility Curves and Temperature Effects

Match each chemical compound on the left with its characteristic solubility trend in water as temperature increases on the right.

  • Potassium trioxonitrate(V), KNO3\text{KNO}_3Solubility increases steeply with increasing temperature
  • Sodium chloride, NaCl\text{NaCl}Solubility remains nearly constant despite temperature changes
  • Calcium tetraoxosulfate(VI), CaSO4\text{CaSO}_4Solubility decreases as temperature increases

Answer

Potassium trioxonitrate(V) matches with steep increase in solubility; Sodium chloride matches with nearly constant solubility; Calcium tetraoxosulfate(VI) matches with decreasing solubility as temperature rises.
Potassium trioxonitrate(V) shows a steep increase in solubility with rising temperature due to its endothermic nature. Sodium chloride exhibits minimal temperature sensitivity, keeping its curve nearly flat. Calcium tetraoxosulfate(VI) exhibits retrograde solubility, decreasing as temperature increases because its dissolution is exothermic.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the thermodynamic enthalpy change associated with dissolving each salt in water.
Potassium trioxonitrate(V) dissolution is endothermic, sodium chloride dissolution has a near-zero enthalpy change, and calcium tetraoxosulfate(VI) dissolution is exothermic.
Le Chatelier's principle determines how temperature affects solubility equilibria based on whether heat is absorbed or released.
2
Relate enthalpy of solution to the slope of the solubility curve.
Potassium trioxonitrate(V) has a steep positive curve, sodium chloride has a nearly horizontal curve, and calcium tetraoxosulfate(VI) has a negative curve.
Endothermic dissolution shifts right with heat (increasing solubility), whereas exothermic dissolution shifts left with heat (decreasing solubility).

Key Concept

Solubility curves represent how solute solubility varies with temperature based on whether the dissolution process is endothermic or exothermic.
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Topics

Solubility Curves and Temperature Effects

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