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Difficulty: MediumHormonal Coordination in Plants and Animals

Match each endocrine gland or cell cluster listed on the left with its corresponding primary hormone secretion and physiological action on the right.

  • Islets of Langerhans (Beta cells)Secretes insulin to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenesis.
  • Adrenal medullaSecretes adrenaline (epinephrine) to initiate emergency fight-or-flight responses.
  • Parathyroid glandsSecretes parathormone to elevate blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption.
  • Anterior pituitary glandSecretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate thyroxine release.

Answer

The Islets of Langerhans (Beta cells) match with insulin secretion for blood glucose reduction; the Adrenal medulla matches with adrenaline release for fight-or-flight response; the Parathyroid glands match with parathormone secretion for calcium regulation; and the Anterior pituitary gland matches with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion.
Each gland is paired directly with its specific secretor product and physiological role: Islets of Langerhans (Beta cells) with insulin action on blood sugar, Adrenal medulla with adrenaline for fight-or-flight response, Parathyroid glands with parathormone for blood calcium increase, and Anterior pituitary gland with TSH for thyroid control.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans and its function.
Beta cells produce insulin, which reduces blood sugar via glycogenesis.
This establishes the core homeostatic mechanism of blood glucose control.
2
Determine the endocrine role of the adrenal medulla.
It releases adrenaline to prepare the body for emergency situations.
Adrenaline acts rapidly during stress (fight-or-flight response).
3
Relate parathyroid glands to mineral homeostasis.
They secrete parathormone to elevate blood calcium levels.
Parathormone acts antagonistically to calcitonin in calcium regulation.
4
Identify the tropic output of the anterior pituitary that targets the thyroid.
It produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
TSH regulates metabolic rate by controlling thyroxine release.

Key Concept

Endocrine gland secretions and their physiological functions in animal coordination
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Topics

Hormonal Coordination in Plants and Animals

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