Question

Difficulty: Very hardNutrient and Biogeochemical Cycles

In a soil ecosystem rich in decaying organic matter, decomposers rapidly generate ammonium ions (NH4+NH_4^+). If a selective metabolic inhibitor specifically disables the functioning of the bacterial genus *Nitrobacter*, which immediate chemical change will occur in the soil, and which subsequent process in the nitrogen cycle will be directly deprived of its primary substrate?

  1. Nitrite ions (NO2NO_2^-) will accumulate in the soil, and denitrification converting nitrate (NO3NO_3^-) to nitrogen gas (N2N_2) will be deprived of its substrate.Answer
  2. B
    Ammonium ions (NH4+NH_4^+) will accumulate in the soil, and the conversion of nitrite to nitrate by *Nitrosomonas* will be deprived of its substrate.
  3. C
    Nitrate ions (NO3NO_3^-) will accumulate in the soil, and atmospheric nitrogen fixation by *Azotobacter* will be deprived of its substrate.
  4. D
    Dinitrogen gas (N2N_2) will accumulate in the soil, and ammonification carried out by saprophytic fungi will be deprived of its substrate.

Answer

Nitrite ions (NO2NO_2^-) will accumulate in the soil, and denitrification converting nitrate (NO3NO_3^-) to nitrogen gas (N2N_2) will be deprived of its substrate.
In the nitrification process, *Nitrosomonas* first oxidizes ammonium (NH4+NH_4^+) to nitrite (NO2NO_2^-). *Nitrobacter* then oxidizes nitrite (NO2NO_2^-) to nitrate (NO3NO_3^-). If *Nitrobacter* is selectively inhibited, nitrite (NO2NO_2^-) accumulates because it is continually produced but not consumed. Furthermore, denitrifying bacteria depend on nitrate (NO3NO_3^-) to generate nitrogen gas (N2N_2); thus, the absence of nitrate production directly deprives denitrification of its substrate.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the specific biochemical transformation mediated by the genus *Nitrobacter*.
*Nitrobacter* oxidizes nitrite ions (NO2NO_2^-) into nitrate ions (NO3NO_3^-).
This is the second step of nitrification following the conversion of NH4+NH_4^+ to NO2NO_2^- by *Nitrosomonas*.
2
Determine the effect of inhibiting *Nitrobacter* on chemical concentrations in the soil.
Nitrite ions (NO2NO_2^-) produced by *Nitrosomonas* cannot be converted further and thus accumulate.
The metabolic pathway is blocked at the oxidation step of nitrite.
3
Analyze which downstream nitrogen cycle process depends on the product of *Nitrobacter* activity.
Denitrification (e.g., by *Pseudomonas*) requires nitrate (NO3NO_3^-) as a substrate to reduce it into dinitrogen gas (N2N_2).
Without nitrate production, denitrification lacks its essential reactant.

Key Concept

Nitrification and Denitrification Pathway Interdependence
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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