Match each public enterprise reform policy on the left with its defining operational or economic feature on the right.
- Full CommercializationOperation as a profit-making enterprise without state subventions while retaining 100% government ownership
- Partial CommercializationFinancial autonomy to cover operational costs while continuing to receive government grants for capital projects
- Outright PrivatizationComplete transfer of state equity and managerial control to private investors
- DeregulationAbolition of statutory entry barriers and price controls to permit open market competition
Answer
Full Commercialization corresponds to operating as a profit-making enterprise without state subventions while retaining government ownership. Partial Commercialization corresponds to covering operational expenses independently while receiving capital grants for major projects. Outright Privatization corresponds to the complete transfer of state equity and managerial control to private investors. Deregulation corresponds to the abolition of statutory entry barriers and price controls to encourage market competition.
Full commercialization requires a public enterprise to be self-sustaining and profit-driven without operating subventions while staying government-owned. Partial commercialization allows self-funding of daily operational costs while relying on state capital grants. Outright privatization entails the total transfer of state-owned equity and management to private ownership. Deregulation opens up a sector by eliminating statutory monopolies and price regulations to promote free market competition.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Distinction among Privatization, Commercialization, and Deregulation of Public Enterprises