Industrial chemical manufacturing processes are broadly categorized into heavy chemical pr… — JAMB UTME

Industrial chemical manufacturing processes are broadly categorized into heavy chemical production and fine chemical production based on output volume, purity requirements, and process dynamics. Which of the following pairs correctly pairs a heavy chemical synthesized via continuous industrial operations with a fine chemical produced in batch operations?

Tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid ( $H_2SO_4$ ) and chloramphenicolAnswer
B
Analytical reagent grade hydrochloric acid ( $HCl$ ) and sodium hydroxide ( $NaOH$ )
C
Methyl orange indicator and synthetic ammonia ( $NH_3$ )
D
Azo dye pigment and analytical grade tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid ( $H_2SO_4$ )

Answer

Tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (

H_2SO_4

) as the heavy chemical and chloramphenicol as the fine chemical.

The correct selection pairs tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (

H_2SO_4

), an industrial bulk acid synthesized continuously in millions of tonnes, with chloramphenicol, a specialized pharmaceutical drug produced in high-purity batch operations.

Step-by-Step Solution

Analyze the operational features of heavy chemicals.

Heavy chemicals are manufactured in extremely large metric ton quantities using continuous production processes, sold relatively cheaply, and have standard industrial purity levels.

This establishes tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid (

H_2SO_4

) prepared via the Contact process as a primary example of a heavy chemical.

Analyze the operational features of fine chemicals.

Fine chemicals are produced in small batch quantities, possess high chemical purity, command high unit costs, and serve specific applications such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and analytical reagents.

This establishes chloramphenicol (an antibiotic drug) as a fine chemical.

Evaluate the option choices against the required heavy-then-fine ordering.

The pair containing tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid and chloramphenicol places the continuous-process heavy chemical first and the batch-process fine chemical second.

This satisfies both the classification and order constraints specified in the stem.

Key Concept

Distinction between Heavy Chemicals and Fine Chemicals based on scale, purity, and manufacturing process

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