Question

Difficulty: EasyValuation and Treatment of Inventory in Final Accounts

Match each inventory accounting component or valuation principle on the left with its correct financial statement treatment or definition on the right.

  • Net Realizable Value (NRV)Expected selling price less estimated costs necessary to complete and sell the goods
  • Trading Account PresentationDeduction from cost of goods available for sale to arrive at cost of goods sold
  • Balance Sheet PresentationListing closing inventory under current assets at the lower of cost and net realizable value
  • Prudence Principle ApplicationValuing inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value to avoid overstating assets and profit

Answer

Net Realizable Value (NRV) matches with expected selling price less estimated completion and selling costs; Trading Account Presentation matches with deduction from cost of goods available for sale; Balance Sheet Presentation matches with listing under current assets at the lower of cost and NRV; and Prudence Principle Application matches with valuing inventory at the lower of cost and NRV to prevent overstatement.
Each item accurately aligns with accounting rules for sole traders: Net Realizable Value equals selling price less costs to sell; the Trading Account deducts closing stock to compute cost of goods sold; the Balance Sheet presents closing stock as a current asset; and the prudence concept dictates valuation at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define Net Realizable Value (NRV)
Identified NRV as selling price minus estimated costs of completion and disposal.
NRV measures the actual monetary realization expected from unsold stock.
2
Determine the treatment of closing stock in the Trading Account
Matched with the deduction from goods available for sale (or credit entry in the Trading Account).
Subtracting closing inventory leaves only the cost of inventory actually sold during the period.
3
Determine the position of closing stock in the Balance Sheet
Matched with current assets at the lower of cost and NRV.
Closing stock is a short-term asset owned by the firm at the reporting date.
4
Apply the underlying accounting convention (Prudence)
Matched with the rule of avoiding overstatement of assets and profits.
Prudence requires anticipating potential losses by not carrying stock above what it can yield upon sale.

Key Concept

Valuation and Treatment of Inventory in Final Accounts
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