Question

Difficulty: MediumPopulation Concepts and Growth Dynamics

Demographic analysis relies on precise definitions of population metrics and growth dynamics. Match each population concept on the left with its corresponding definition or characteristic feature on the right.

  • Crude Birth Rate (CBR)The annual number of live births recorded per 1,000 mid-year population in a specified region.
  • Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)The percentage growth of a population calculated as the difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate, excluding net migration.
  • Dependency RatioThe ratio comparing the non-working age cohorts (under 15 and over 64) to the economically active population (aged 15 to 64).
  • Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition ModelA demographic phase characterized by persistently high crude birth rates alongside rapidly declining crude death rates.

Answer

Crude Birth Rate matches the annual live births per 1,000 mid-year population; Rate of Natural Increase matches the birth rate minus death rate growth percentage; Dependency Ratio matches the ratio of dependent age groups to the working-age population; Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model matches high birth rates with rapidly falling death rates.
Each demographic concept is matched strictly according to standard demographic definitions: Crude Birth Rate measures live births per 1,000 people; Rate of Natural Increase measures the excess of birth rate over death rate expressed as a percentage without migration; Dependency Ratio compares young and elderly dependents to the 15–64 working population; and Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model features high birth rates alongside rapidly declining death rates.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the standard demographic formula and unit measure for Crude Birth Rate.
Crude Birth Rate measures live births per 1,000 mid-year population.
It measures fertility relative to total population size without age adjustment.
2
Differentiate Rate of Natural Increase from total population growth rate.
Rate of Natural Increase equals (CBR - CDR) / 10, measuring growth without net migration.
Natural increase considers only biological growth factors (births and deaths).
3
Analyze the structural age cohorts that form the Dependency Ratio.
Dependency ratio divides dependent cohorts (aged 0–14 and 65+) by the working cohort (aged 15–64).
It assesses the economic support burdens placed on productive age groups.
4
Examine the mortality and fertility trends associated with Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Stage 2 is defined by high birth rates and fast-dropping death rates.
Improvements in healthcare lower mortality quickly while cultural birth preferences persist.

Key Concept

Demographic Concepts and Population Growth Metrics
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