Match each kinetic theory concept or gas behavior statement on the left with its correspon… — JAMB UTME

Match each kinetic theory concept or gas behavior statement on the left with its corresponding microscopic mechanism or physical condition on the right.

Absolute temperature of a gasDirectly proportional to the average translational kinetic energy of molecules ( $\bar{E}_k = \frac{3}{2}k_B T$ )
Pressure exerted by a gasRate of momentum transferred per unit area due to elastic wall collisions
Direct physical evidence of continuous molecular motionBrownian motion of suspended particles and gas diffusion
Conditions for real gases to approximate ideal gas behaviorLow pressure and high temperature

Answer

Absolute temperature corresponds to the average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules; Pressure exerted by a gas corresponds to the rate of momentum transferred per unit area from elastic wall collisions; Direct physical evidence of continuous molecular motion corresponds to Brownian motion and diffusion; Conditions for real gas ideal behavior correspond to low pressure and high temperature.

Each kinetic theory concept correctly maps to its physical baseline: absolute temperature reflects average molecular translational kinetic energy; pressure results from momentum transfer during elastic collisions with walls; Brownian motion and diffusion provide direct physical evidence of random molecular motion; and real gases obey ideal gas behavior best under low pressure and high temperature conditions.

Step-by-Step Solution

Relate absolute temperature to microscopic particle properties.

Absolute temperature

T

is proportional to the average kinetic energy of translational motion of the gas molecules,

\bar{E}_k = \frac{3}{2}k_B T

Kinetic theory establishes temperature as a macroscopic measure of microscopic kinetic energy.

Identify the kinetic origin of gas pressure.

Molecules undergo elastic collisions with container walls, causing momentum change

\Delta p

per unit time, resulting in pressure

P = \frac{F}{A}

Macroscopic pressure is the cumulative force per unit area produced by constant particle impacts.

Determine experimental phenomena validating molecular motion.

Brownian motion (erratic motion of suspended pollen/smoke particles) and gas diffusion confirm molecular kinetic motion.

Unbalanced bombardment by invisible gas molecules causes visible random motion of suspended particles.

Establish validity conditions for ideal gas assumptions.

Real gases behave ideally at low pressures (large intermolecular distances make particle volume negligible) and high temperatures (high kinetic energy overcomes intermolecular attraction).

These conditions satisfy the fundamental postulates of the kinetic model of ideal gases.

Key Concept

Kinetic Theory of Matter and Pressure of Gases

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