Examkin

Question

Difficulty: MediumSoil Types, Distribution, and Soil Conservation in Nigeria

On the agricultural slopes of the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria, continuous cultivation on fragile Ferruginous soils frequently exposes topsoil to severe sheet and gully erosion. Which soil conservation method is most structurally suited to modify the slope gradient and reduce surface runoff velocity?

  1. Terracing along contour lines to construct stepped physical embankmentsAnswer
  2. B
    Annual bush burning to clear crop residue and harden the upper topsoil layer
  3. C
    Longitudinal ridge plowing aligned directly down the direction of the slope
  4. D
    Monoculture tree planting without ground cover in seasonal river floodplains

Answer

Terracing along contour lines to construct stepped physical embankments is the most structurally effective soil conservation technique for steep highland terrain such as the Jos Plateau.
Terracing transforms steep slope gradients into flat, step-like benches that interrupt downhill water flow, reducing runoff velocity and preventing severe soil erosion in highland regions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical context and primary soil degradation trigger
The Jos Plateau features steep relief where heavy rainfall generates high-velocity surface runoff across Ferruginous soils.
Topographic incline directly increases runoff velocity and kinetic energy, accelerating soil detachment.
2
Evaluate conservation engineering measures designed for highland slopes
Terracing alters the effective slope profile by breaking steep inclines into flat, stepped platforms.
By decreasing slope length and gradient, terracing retards water flow, promotes infiltration, and traps eroded sediment.

Key Concept

Soil Erosion Mechanisms and Mechanical Conservation Techniques on Nigerian Highlands
Rate this question

Topics

Soil Types, Distribution, and Soil Conservation in Nigeria

More questions from this topic